Access Control - 23 controls
AC-1Access Control Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the AC family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with access control responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
AC-2Account Management
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Identifies and selects the following types of information system accounts to support organizational missions/business functions: [Assignment: organization-defined information system account types]; |
| b. |
Assigns account managers for information system accounts; |
| c. |
Establishes conditions for group and role membership; |
| d. |
Specifies authorized users of the information system, group and role membership, and access authorizations (i.e., privileges) and other attributes (as required) for each account; |
| e. |
Requires approvals by [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] for requests to create information system accounts; |
| f. |
Creates, enables, modifies, disables, and removes information system accounts in accordance with [Assignment: organization-defined procedures or conditions]; |
| g. |
Monitors the use of information system accounts; |
| h. |
Notifies account managers:
|
| i. |
Authorizes access to the information system based on:
|
| j. |
Reviews accounts for compliance with account management requirements [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]; and |
| k. |
Establishes a process for reissuing shared/group account credentials (if deployed) when individuals are removed from the group. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information system account types include, for example, individual, shared, group, system, guest/anonymous, emergency, developer/manufacturer/vendor, temporary, and service. Some of the account management requirements listed above can be implemented by organizational information systems. The identification of authorized users of the information system and the specification of access privileges reflects the requirements in other security controls in the security plan. Users requiring administrative privileges on information system accounts receive additional scrutiny by appropriate organizational personnel (e.g., system owner, mission/business owner, or chief information security officer) responsible for approving such accounts and privileged access. Organizations may choose to define access privileges or other attributes by account, by type of account, or a combination of both. Other attributes required for authorizing access include, for example, restrictions on time-of-day, day-of-week, and point-of-origin. In defining other account attributes, organizations consider system-related requirements (e.g., scheduled maintenance, system upgrades) and mission/business requirements, (e.g., time zone differences, customer requirements, remote access to support travel requirements). Failure to consider these factors could affect information system availability. Temporary and emergency accounts are accounts intended for short-term use. Organizations establish temporary accounts as a part of normal account activation procedures when there is a need for short-term accounts without the demand for immediacy in account activation. Organizations establish emergency accounts in response to crisis situations and with the need for rapid account activation. Therefore, emergency account activation may bypass normal account authorization processes. Emergency and temporary accounts are not to be confused with infrequently used accounts (e.g., local logon accounts used for special tasks defined by organizations or when network resources are unavailable). Such accounts remain available and are not subject to automatic disabling or removal dates. Conditions for disabling or deactivating accounts include, for example: (i) when shared/group, emergency, or temporary accounts are no longer required; or (ii) when individuals are transferred or terminated. Some types of information system accounts may require specialized training. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, AC-5, AC-6, AC-10, AC-17, AC-19, AC-20, AU-9, IA-2, IA-4, IA-5, IA-8, CM-5, CM-6, CM-11, MA-3, MA-4, MA-5, PL-4, SC-13.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing account management
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of active system accounts along with the name of the individual associated with each account
list of conditions for group and role membership
notifications or records of recently transferred, separated, or terminated employees
list of recently disabled information system accounts along with the name of the individual associated with each account
access authorization records
account management compliance reviews
information system monitoring records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with account management responsibilities
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes account management on the information system
automated mechanisms for implementing account management
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
AC-3Access Enforcement
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The information system enforces approved authorizations for logical access to information and system resources in accordance with applicable access control policies.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Access control policies (e.g., identity-based policies, role-based policies, control matrices, cryptography) control access between active entities or subjects (i.e., users or processes acting on behalf of users) and passive entities or objects (e.g., devices, files, records, domains) in information systems. In addition to enforcing authorized access at the information system level and recognizing that information systems can host many applications and services in support of organizational missions and business operations, access enforcement mechanisms can also be employed at the application and service level to provide increased information security. Related controls: AC-2, AC-4, AC-5, AC-6, AC-16, AC-17, AC-18, AC-19, AC-20, AC-21, AC-22, AU-9, CM-5, CM-6, CM-11, MA-3, MA-4, MA-5, PE-3.
Objective
|
Determine if the information system enforces approved authorizations for logical access to information and system resources in accordance with applicable access control policies. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing access enforcement
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of approved authorizations (user privileges)
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with access enforcement responsibilities
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing access control policy
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-4Information Flow Enforcement
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The information system enforces approved authorizations for controlling the flow of information within the system and between interconnected systems based on [Assignment: organization-defined information flow control policies].
Supplemental guidance
Information flow control regulates where information is allowed to travel within an information system and between information systems (as opposed to who is allowed to access the information) and without explicit regard to subsequent accesses to that information. Flow control restrictions include, for example, keeping export-controlled information from being transmitted in the clear to the Internet, blocking outside traffic that claims to be from within the organization, restricting web requests to the Internet that are not from the internal web proxy server, and limiting information transfers between organizations based on data structures and content. Transferring information between information systems representing different security domains with different security policies introduces risk that such transfers violate one or more domain security policies. In such situations, information owners/stewards provide guidance at designated policy enforcement points between interconnected systems. Organizations consider mandating specific architectural solutions when required to enforce specific security policies. Enforcement includes, for example: (i) prohibiting information transfers between interconnected systems (i.e., allowing access only); (ii) employing hardware mechanisms to enforce one-way information flows; and (iii) implementing trustworthy regrading mechanisms to reassign security attributes and security labels. Organizations commonly employ information flow control policies and enforcement mechanisms to control the flow of information between designated sources and destinations (e.g., networks, individuals, and devices) within information systems and between interconnected systems. Flow control is based on the characteristics of the information and/or the information path. Enforcement occurs, for example, in boundary protection devices (e.g., gateways, routers, guards, encrypted tunnels, firewalls) that employ rule sets or establish configuration settings that restrict information system services, provide a packet-filtering capability based on header information, or message-filtering capability based on message content (e.g., implementing key word searches or using document characteristics). Organizations also consider the trustworthiness of filtering/inspection mechanisms (i.e., hardware, firmware, and software components) that are critical to information flow enforcement. Control enhancements 3 through 22 primarily address cross-domain solution needs which focus on more advanced filtering techniques, in-depth analysis, and stronger flow enforcement mechanisms implemented in cross-domain products, for example, high-assurance guards. Such capabilities are generally not available in commercial off-the-shelf information technology products. Related controls: AC-3, AC-17, AC-19, AC-21, CM-6, CM-7, SA-8, SC-2, SC-5, SC-7, SC-18.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
information flow control policies
procedures addressing information flow enforcement
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system baseline configuration
list of information flow authorizations
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing information flow enforcement policy
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-5Separation of Duties
baselineMOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Separates [Assignment: organization-defined duties of individuals]; |
| b. |
Documents separation of duties of individuals; and |
| c. |
Defines information system access authorizations to support separation of duties. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Separation of duties addresses the potential for abuse of authorized privileges and helps to reduce the risk of malevolent activity without collusion. Separation of duties includes, for example: (i) dividing mission functions and information system support functions among different individuals and/or roles; (ii) conducting information system support functions with different individuals (e.g., system management, programming, configuration management, quality assurance and testing, and network security); and (iii) ensuring security personnel administering access control functions do not also administer audit functions. Related controls: AC-3, AC-6, PE-3, PE-4, PS-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing divisions of responsibility and separation of duties
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of divisions of responsibility and separation of duties
information system access authorizations
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for defining appropriate divisions of responsibility and separation of duties
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing separation of duties policy
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-6Least Privilege
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization employs the principle of least privilege, allowing only authorized accesses for users (or processes acting on behalf of users) which are necessary to accomplish assigned tasks in accordance with organizational missions and business functions.
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizations employ least privilege for specific duties and information systems. The principle of least privilege is also applied to information system processes, ensuring that the processes operate at privilege levels no higher than necessary to accomplish required organizational missions/business functions. Organizations consider the creation of additional processes, roles, and information system accounts as necessary, to achieve least privilege. Organizations also apply least privilege to the development, implementation, and operation of organizational information systems. Related controls: AC-2, AC-3, AC-5, CM-6, CM-7, PL-2.
Objective
|
Determine if the organization employs the principle of least privilege, allowing only authorized access for users (and processes acting on behalf of users) which are necessary to accomplish assigned tasks in accordance with organizational missions and business functions. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing least privilege
list of assigned access authorizations (user privileges)
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for defining least privileges necessary to accomplish specified tasks
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing least privilege functions
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-7Unsuccessful Logon Attempts
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Enforces a limit of [Assignment: organization-defined number] consecutive invalid logon attempts by a user during a [Assignment: organization-defined time period]; and |
| b. |
Automatically when the maximum number of unsuccessful attempts is exceeded. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies regardless of whether the logon occurs via a local or network connection. Due to the potential for denial of service, automatic lockouts initiated by information systems are usually temporary and automatically release after a predetermined time period established by organizations. If a delay algorithm is selected, organizations may choose to employ different algorithms for different information system components based on the capabilities of those components. Responses to unsuccessful logon attempts may be implemented at both the operating system and the application levels. Related controls: AC-2, AC-9, AC-14, IA-5.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing unsuccessful logon attempts
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developers
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing access control policy for unsuccessful logon attempts
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-8System Use Notification
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Displays to users [Assignment: organization-defined system use notification message or banner] before granting access to the system that provides privacy and security notices consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance and states that:
|
| b. |
Retains the notification message or banner on the screen until users acknowledge the usage conditions and take explicit actions to log on to or further access the information system; and |
| c. |
For publicly accessible systems:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
System use notifications can be implemented using messages or warning banners displayed before individuals log in to information systems. System use notifications are used only for access via logon interfaces with human users and are not required when such human interfaces do not exist. Organizations consider system use notification messages/banners displayed in multiple languages based on specific organizational needs and the demographics of information system users. Organizations also consult with the Office of the General Counsel for legal review and approval of warning banner content.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
privacy and security policies, procedures addressing system use notification
documented approval of information system use notification messages or banners
information system audit records
user acknowledgements of notification message or banner
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system use notification messages
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibility for providing legal advice
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing system use notification
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-9Previous Logon (access) Notification
Control: The information system notifies the user, upon successful logon (access) to the system, of the date and time of the last logon (access).
Objective
|
Determine if the information system notifies the user, upon successful logon (access) to the system, of the date and time of the last logon (access). |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing previous logon notification
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system notification messages
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing access control policy for previous logon notification
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-10Concurrent Session Control
baselineHIGH
priorityP3
Control: The information system limits the number of concurrent sessions for each [Assignment: organization-defined account and/or account type] to [Assignment: organization-defined number].
Supplemental guidance
Organizations may define the maximum number of concurrent sessions for information system accounts globally, by account type (e.g., privileged user, non-privileged user, domain, specific application), by account, or a combination. For example, organizations may limit the number of concurrent sessions for system administrators or individuals working in particularly sensitive domains or mission-critical applications. This control addresses concurrent sessions for information system accounts and does not address concurrent sessions by single users via multiple system accounts.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing concurrent session control
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
security plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing access control policy for concurrent session control
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-11Session Lock
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP3
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Prevents further access to the system by initiating a session lock after [Assignment: organization-defined time period] of inactivity or upon receiving a request from a user; and |
| b. |
Retains the session lock until the user reestablishes access using established identification and authentication procedures. |
Supplemental guidance
Session locks are temporary actions taken when users stop work and move away from the immediate vicinity of information systems but do not want to log out because of the temporary nature of their absences. Session locks are implemented where session activities can be determined. This is typically at the operating system level, but can also be at the application level. Session locks are not an acceptable substitute for logging out of information systems, for example, if organizations require users to log out at the end of workdays. Related control: AC-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing session lock
procedures addressing identification and authentication
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
security plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing access control policy for session lock
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
AC-12Session Termination
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The information system automatically terminates a user session after [Assignment: organization-defined conditions or trigger events requiring session disconnect].
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the termination of user-initiated logical sessions in contrast to SC-10 which addresses the termination of network connections that are associated with communications sessions (i.e., network disconnect). A logical session (for local, network, and remote access) is initiated whenever a user (or process acting on behalf of a user) accesses an organizational information system. Such user sessions can be terminated (and thus terminate user access) without terminating network sessions. Session termination terminates all processes associated with a user’s logical session except those processes that are specifically created by the user (i.e., session owner) to continue after the session is terminated. Conditions or trigger events requiring automatic session termination can include, for example, organization-defined periods of user inactivity, targeted responses to certain types of incidents, time-of-day restrictions on information system use. Related controls: SC-10, SC-23.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing session termination
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of conditions or trigger events requiring session disconnect
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing user session termination
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-14Permitted Actions Without Identification or Authentication
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP3
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Identifies [Assignment: organization-defined user actions] that can be performed on the information system without identification or authentication consistent with organizational missions/business functions; and |
| b. |
Documents and provides supporting rationale in the security plan for the information system, user actions not requiring identification or authentication. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses situations in which organizations determine that no identification or authentication is required in organizational information systems. Organizations may allow a limited number of user actions without identification or authentication including, for example, when individuals access public websites or other publicly accessible federal information systems, when individuals use mobile phones to receive calls, or when facsimiles are received. Organizations also identify actions that normally require identification or authentication but may under certain circumstances (e.g., emergencies), allow identification or authentication mechanisms to be bypassed. Such bypasses may occur, for example, via a software-readable physical switch that commands bypass of the logon functionality and is protected from accidental or unmonitored use. This control does not apply to situations where identification and authentication have already occurred and are not repeated, but rather to situations where identification and authentication have not yet occurred. Organizations may decide that there are no user actions that can be performed on organizational information systems without identification and authentication and thus, the values for assignment statements can be none. Related controls: CP-2, IA-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing permitted actions without identification or authentication
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
security plan
list of user actions that can be performed without identification or authentication
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-16Security Attributes
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Provides the means to associate [Assignment: organization-defined types of security attributes] having [Assignment: organization-defined security attribute values] with information in storage, in process, and/or in transmission; |
| b. |
Ensures that the security attribute associations are made and retained with the information; |
| c. |
Establishes the permitted [Assignment: organization-defined security attributes] for [Assignment: organization-defined information systems]; and |
| d. |
Determines the permitted [Assignment: organization-defined values or ranges] for each of the established security attributes. |
Supplemental guidance
Information is represented internally within information systems using abstractions known as data structures. Internal data structures can represent different types of entities, both active and passive. Active entities, also known as subjects, are typically associated with individuals, devices, or processes acting on behalf of individuals. Passive entities, also known as objects, are typically associated with data structures such as records, buffers, tables, files, inter-process pipes, and communications ports. Security attributes, a form of metadata, are abstractions representing the basic properties or characteristics of active and passive entities with respect to safeguarding information. These attributes may be associated with active entities (i.e., subjects) that have the potential to send or receive information, to cause information to flow among objects, or to change the information system state. These attributes may also be associated with passive entities (i.e., objects) that contain or receive information. The association of security attributes to subjects and objects is referred to as binding and is typically inclusive of setting the attribute value and the attribute type. Security attributes when bound to data/information, enables the enforcement of information security policies for access control and information flow control, either through organizational processes or information system functions or mechanisms. The content or assigned values of security attributes can directly affect the ability of individuals to access organizational information. Organizations can define the types of attributes needed for selected information systems to support missions/business functions. There is potentially a wide range of values that can be assigned to any given security attribute. Release markings could include, for example, US only, NATO, or NOFORN (not releasable to foreign nationals). By specifying permitted attribute ranges and values, organizations can ensure that the security attribute values are meaningful and relevant. The term security labeling refers to the association of security attributes with subjects and objects represented by internal data structures within organizational information systems, to enable information system-based enforcement of information security policies. Security labels include, for example, access authorizations, data life cycle protection (i.e., encryption and data expiration), nationality, affiliation as contractor, and classification of information in accordance with legal and compliance requirements. The term security marking refers to the association of security attributes with objects in a human-readable form, to enable organizational process-based enforcement of information security policies. The AC-16 base control represents the requirement for user-based attribute association (marking). The enhancements to AC-16 represent additional requirements including information system-based attribute association (labeling). Types of attributes include, for example, classification level for objects and clearance (access authorization) level for subjects. An example of a value for both of these attribute types is Top Secret. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, AC-6, AC-21, AU-2, AU-10, SC-16, MP-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing the association of security attributes to information in storage, in process, and in transmission
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Organizational capability supporting and maintaining the association of security attributes to information in storage, in process, and in transmission
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-17Remote Access
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes and documents usage restrictions, configuration/connection requirements, and implementation guidance for each type of remote access allowed; and |
| b. |
Authorizes remote access to the information system prior to allowing such connections. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Remote access is access to organizational information systems by users (or processes acting on behalf of users) communicating through external networks (e.g., the Internet). Remote access methods include, for example, dial-up, broadband, and wireless. Organizations often employ encrypted virtual private networks (VPNs) to enhance confidentiality and integrity over remote connections. The use of encrypted VPNs does not make the access non-remote; however, the use of VPNs, when adequately provisioned with appropriate security controls (e.g., employing appropriate encryption techniques for confidentiality and integrity protection) may provide sufficient assurance to the organization that it can effectively treat such connections as internal networks. Still, VPN connections traverse external networks, and the encrypted VPN does not enhance the availability of remote connections. Also, VPNs with encrypted tunnels can affect the organizational capability to adequately monitor network communications traffic for malicious code. Remote access controls apply to information systems other than public web servers or systems designed for public access. This control addresses authorization prior to allowing remote access without specifying the formats for such authorization. While organizations may use interconnection security agreements to authorize remote access connections, such agreements are not required by this control. Enforcing access restrictions for remote connections is addressed in AC-3. Related controls: AC-2, AC-3, AC-18, AC-19, AC-20, CA-3, CA-7, CM-8, IA-2, IA-3, IA-8, MA-4, PE-17, PL-4, SC-10, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing remote access implementation and usage (including restrictions)
configuration management plan
security plan
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
remote access authorizations
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for managing remote access connections
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Remote access management capability for the information system
Control enhancements None
AC-18Wireless Access
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2018
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes usage restrictions, configuration/connection requirements, and implementation guidance for wireless access; and |
| b. |
Authorizes wireless access to the information system prior to allowing such connections. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Wireless technologies include, for example, microwave, packet radio (UHF/VHF), 802.11x, and Bluetooth. Wireless networks use authentication protocols (e.g., EAP/TLS, PEAP), which provide credential protection and mutual authentication. Related controls: AC-2, AC-3, AC-17, AC-19, CA-3, CA-7, CM-8, IA-2, IA-3, IA-8, PL-4, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing wireless access implementation and usage (including restrictions)
configuration management plan
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
wireless access authorizations
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for managing wireless access connections
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Wireless access management capability for the information system
Control enhancements None
AC-19Access Control for Mobile Devices
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes usage restrictions, configuration requirements, connection requirements, and implementation guidance for organization-controlled mobile devices; and |
| b. |
Authorizes the connection of mobile devices to organizational information systems. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
A mobile device is a computing device that: (i) has a small form factor such that it can easily be carried by a single individual; (ii) is designed to operate without a physical connection (e.g., wirelessly transmit or receive information); (iii) possesses local, non-removable or removable data storage; and (iv) includes a self-contained power source. Mobile devices may also include voice communication capabilities, on-board sensors that allow the device to capture information, and/or built-in features for synchronizing local data with remote locations. Examples include smart phones, E-readers, and tablets. Mobile devices are typically associated with a single individual and the device is usually in close proximity to the individual; however, the degree of proximity can vary depending upon on the form factor and size of the device. The processing, storage, and transmission capability of the mobile device may be comparable to or merely a subset of desktop systems, depending upon the nature and intended purpose of the device. Due to the large variety of mobile devices with different technical characteristics and capabilities, organizational restrictions may vary for the different classes/types of such devices. Usage restrictions and specific implementation guidance for mobile devices include, for example, configuration management, device identification and authentication, implementation of mandatory protective software (e.g., malicious code detection, firewall), scanning devices for malicious code, updating virus protection software, scanning for critical software updates and patches, conducting primary operating system (and possibly other resident software) integrity checks, and disabling unnecessary hardware (e.g., wireless, infrared). Organizations are cautioned that the need to provide adequate security for mobile devices goes beyond the requirements in this control. Many safeguards and countermeasures for mobile devices are reflected in other security controls in the catalog allocated in the initial control baselines as starting points for the development of security plans and overlays using the tailoring process. There may also be some degree of overlap in the requirements articulated by the security controls within the different families of controls. AC-20 addresses mobile devices that are not organization-controlled. Related controls: AC-3, AC-7, AC-18, AC-20, CA-9, CM-2, IA-2, IA-3, MP-2, MP-4, MP-5, PL-4, SC-7, SC-43, SI-3, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing access control for mobile device usage (including restrictions)
configuration management plan
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
authorizations for mobile device connections to organizational information systems
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel using mobile devices to access organizational information systems
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Access control capability authorizing mobile device connections to organizational information systems
Control enhancements None
AC-20Use of External Information Systems
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization establishes terms and conditions, consistent with any trust relationships established with other organizations owning, operating, and/or maintaining external information systems, allowing authorized individuals to:
| a. |
Access the information system from external information systems; and |
| b. |
Process, store, or transmit organization-controlled information using external information systems. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
External information systems are information systems or components of information systems that are outside of the authorization boundary established by organizations and for which organizations typically have no direct supervision and authority over the application of required security controls or the assessment of control effectiveness. External information systems include, for example: (i) personally owned information systems/devices (e.g., notebook computers, smart phones, tablets, personal digital assistants); (ii) privately owned computing and communications devices resident in commercial or public facilities (e.g., hotels, train stations, convention centers, shopping malls, or airports); (iii) information systems owned or controlled by nonfederal governmental organizations; and (iv) federal information systems that are not owned by, operated by, or under the direct supervision and authority of organizations. This control also addresses the use of external information systems for the processing, storage, or transmission of organizational information, including, for example, accessing cloud services (e.g., infrastructure as a service, platform as a service, or software as a service) from organizational information systems. For some external information systems (i.e., information systems operated by other federal agencies, including organizations subordinate to those agencies), the trust relationships that have been established between those organizations and the originating organization may be such, that no explicit terms and conditions are required. Information systems within these organizations would not be considered external. These situations occur when, for example, there are pre-existing sharing/trust agreements (either implicit or explicit) established between federal agencies or organizations subordinate to those agencies, or when such trust agreements are specified by applicable laws, Executive Orders, directives, or policies. Authorized individuals include, for example, organizational personnel, contractors, or other individuals with authorized access to organizational information systems and over which organizations have the authority to impose rules of behavior with regard to system access. Restrictions that organizations impose on authorized individuals need not be uniform, as those restrictions may vary depending upon the trust relationships between organizations. Therefore, organizations may choose to impose different security restrictions on contractors than on state, local, or tribal governments. This control does not apply to the use of external information systems to access public interfaces to organizational information systems (e.g., individuals accessing federal information through www.usa.gov). Organizations establish terms and conditions for the use of external information systems in accordance with organizational security policies and procedures. Terms and conditions address as a minimum: types of applications that can be accessed on organizational information systems from external information systems; and the highest security category of information that can be processed, stored, or transmitted on external information systems. If terms and conditions with the owners of external information systems cannot be established, organizations may impose restrictions on organizational personnel using those external systems. Related controls: AC-3, AC-17, AC-19, CA-3, PL-4, SA-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization establishes terms and conditions, consistent with any trust relationships established with other organizations owning, operating, and/or maintaining external information systems, allowing authorized individuals to:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing the use of external information systems
external information systems terms and conditions
list of types of applications accessible from external information systems
maximum security categorization for information processed, stored, or transmitted on external information systems
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for defining terms and conditions for use of external information systems to access organizational systems
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing terms and conditions on use of external information systems
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
AC-21Information Sharing
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Facilitates information sharing by enabling authorized users to determine whether access authorizations assigned to the sharing partner match the access restrictions on the information for [Assignment: organization-defined information sharing circumstances where user discretion is required]; and |
| b. |
Employs [Assignment: organization-defined automated mechanisms or manual processes] to assist users in making information sharing/collaboration decisions. |
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to information that may be restricted in some manner (e.g., privileged medical information, contract-sensitive information, proprietary information, personally identifiable information, classified information related to special access programs or compartments) based on some formal or administrative determination. Depending on the particular information-sharing circumstances, sharing partners may be defined at the individual, group, or organizational level. Information may be defined by content, type, security category, or special access program/compartment. Related control: AC-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing user-based collaboration and information sharing (including restrictions)
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of users authorized to make information sharing/collaboration decisions
list of information sharing circumstances requiring user discretion
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel responsible for making information sharing/collaboration decisions
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms or manual process implementing access authorizations supporting information sharing/user collaboration decisions
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-22Publicly Accessible Content
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP3
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Designates individuals authorized to post information onto a publicly accessible information system; |
| b. |
Trains authorized individuals to ensure that publicly accessible information does not contain nonpublic information; |
| c. |
Reviews the proposed content of information prior to posting onto the publicly accessible information system to ensure that nonpublic information is not included; and |
| d. |
Reviews the content on the publicly accessible information system for nonpublic information [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] and removes such information, if discovered. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
In accordance with federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and/or guidance, the general public is not authorized access to nonpublic information (e.g., information protected under the Privacy Act and proprietary information). This control addresses information systems that are controlled by the organization and accessible to the general public, typically without identification or authentication. The posting of information on non-organization information systems is covered by organizational policy. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, AT-2, AT-3, AU-13.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing publicly accessible content
list of users authorized to post publicly accessible content on organizational information systems
training materials and/or records
records of publicly accessible information reviews
records of response to nonpublic information on public websites
system audit logs
security awareness training records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for managing publicly accessible information posted on organizational information systems
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing management of publicly accessible content
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-23Data Mining Protection
Control: The organization employs [Assignment: organization-defined data mining prevention and detection techniques] for [Assignment: organization-defined data storage objects] to adequately detect and protect against data mining.
Supplemental guidance
Data storage objects include, for example, databases, database records, and database fields. Data mining prevention and detection techniques include, for example: (i) limiting the types of responses provided to database queries; (ii) limiting the number/frequency of database queries to increase the work factor needed to determine the contents of such databases; and (iii) notifying organizational personnel when atypical database queries or accesses occur. This control focuses on the protection of organizational information from data mining while such information resides in organizational data stores. In contrast, AU-13 focuses on monitoring for organizational information that may have been mined or otherwise obtained from data stores and is now available as open source information residing on external sites, for example, through social networking or social media websites.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing data mining techniques
procedures addressing protection of data storage objects against data mining
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit logs
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for implementing data mining detection and prevention techniques for data storage objects
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing data mining prevention and detection
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-24Access Control Decisions
Control: The organization establishes procedures to ensure [Assignment: organization-defined access control decisions] are applied to each access request prior to access enforcement.
Supplemental guidance
Access control decisions (also known as authorization decisions) occur when authorization information is applied to specific accesses. In contrast, access enforcement occurs when information systems enforce access control decisions. While it is very common to have access control decisions and access enforcement implemented by the same entity, it is not required and it is not always an optimal implementation choice. For some architectures and distributed information systems, different entities may perform access control decisions and access enforcement.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing access control decisions
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for establishing procedures regarding access control decisions to the information system
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms applying established access control decisions and procedures
Control enhancements None
References None
AC-25Reference Monitor
Control: The information system implements a reference monitor for [Assignment: organization-defined access control policies] that is tamperproof, always invoked, and small enough to be subject to analysis and testing, the completeness of which can be assured.
Supplemental guidance
Information is represented internally within information systems using abstractions known as data structures. Internal data structures can represent different types of entities, both active and passive. Active entities, also known as subjects, are typically associated with individuals, devices, or processes acting on behalf of individuals. Passive entities, also known as objects, are typically associated with data structures such as records, buffers, tables, files, inter-process pipes, and communications ports. Reference monitors typically enforce mandatory access control policies—a type of access control that restricts access to objects based on the identity of subjects or groups to which the subjects belong. The access controls are mandatory because subjects with certain privileges (i.e., access permissions) are restricted from passing those privileges on to any other subjects, either directly or indirectly—that is, the information system strictly enforces the access control policy based on the rule set established by the policy. The tamperproof property of the reference monitor prevents adversaries from compromising the functioning of the mechanism. The always invoked property prevents adversaries from bypassing the mechanism and hence violating the security policy. The smallness property helps to ensure the completeness in the analysis and testing of the mechanism to detect weaknesses or deficiencies (i.e., latent flaws) that would prevent the enforcement of the security policy. Related controls: AC-3, AC-16, SC-3, SC-39.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing access enforcement
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with access enforcement responsibilities
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing access enforcement functions
Control enhancements None
References None
Awareness and Training - 4 controls
AT-1Security Awareness and Training Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the AT family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security awareness and training policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security awareness and training responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
AT-2Security Awareness Training
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization provides basic security awareness training to information system users (including managers, senior executives, and contractors):
| a. |
As part of initial training for new users; |
| b. |
When required by information system changes; and |
| c. |
[Assignment: organization-defined frequency] thereafter. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizations determine the appropriate content of security awareness training and security awareness techniques based on the specific organizational requirements and the information systems to which personnel have authorized access. The content includes a basic understanding of the need for information security and user actions to maintain security and to respond to suspected security incidents. The content also addresses awareness of the need for operations security. Security awareness techniques can include, for example, displaying posters, offering supplies inscribed with security reminders, generating email advisories/notices from senior organizational officials, displaying logon screen messages, and conducting information security awareness events. Related controls: AT-3, AT-4, PL-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security awareness and training policy
procedures addressing security awareness training implementation
appropriate codes of federal regulations
security awareness training curriculum
security awareness training materials
security plan
training records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for security awareness training
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel comprising the general information system user community
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms managing security awareness training
Control enhancements None
AT-3Role-based Security Training
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization provides role-based security training to personnel with assigned security roles and responsibilities:
| a. |
Before authorizing access to the information system or performing assigned duties; |
| b. |
When required by information system changes; and |
| c. |
[Assignment: organization-defined frequency] thereafter. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizations determine the appropriate content of security training based on the assigned roles and responsibilities of individuals and the specific security requirements of organizations and the information systems to which personnel have authorized access. In addition, organizations provide enterprise architects, information system developers, software developers, acquisition/procurement officials, information system managers, system/network administrators, personnel conducting configuration management and auditing activities, personnel performing independent verification and validation activities, security control assessors, and other personnel having access to system-level software, adequate security-related technical training specifically tailored for their assigned duties. Comprehensive role-based training addresses management, operational, and technical roles and responsibilities covering physical, personnel, and technical safeguards and countermeasures. Such training can include for example, policies, procedures, tools, and artifacts for the organizational security roles defined. Organizations also provide the training necessary for individuals to carry out their responsibilities related to operations and supply chain security within the context of organizational information security programs. Role-based security training also applies to contractors providing services to federal agencies. Related controls: AT-2, AT-4, PL-4, PS-7, SA-3, SA-12, SA-16.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security awareness and training policy
procedures addressing security training implementation
codes of federal regulations
security training curriculum
security training materials
security plan
training records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for role-based security training
organizational personnel with assigned information system security roles and responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms managing role-based security training
Control enhancements None
AT-4Security Training Records
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP3
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Documents and monitors individual information system security training activities including basic security awareness training and specific information system security training; and |
| b. |
Retains individual training records for [Assignment: organization-defined time period]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security awareness and training policy
procedures addressing security training records
security awareness and training records
security plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security training record retention responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting management of security training records
Control enhancements None
References None
Audit and Accountability - 16 controls
AU-1Audit and Accountability Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the AU family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with audit and accountability responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
AU-2Audit Events
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Determines that the information system is capable of auditing the following events: [Assignment: organization-defined auditable events]; |
| b. |
Coordinates the security audit function with other organizational entities requiring audit-related information to enhance mutual support and to help guide the selection of auditable events; |
| c. |
Provides a rationale for why the auditable events are deemed to be adequate to support after-the-fact investigations of security incidents; and |
| d. |
Determines that the following events are to be audited within the information system: [Assignment: organization-defined audited events (the subset of the auditable events defined in AU-2 a.) along with the frequency of (or situation requiring) auditing for each identified event]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
An event is any observable occurrence in an organizational information system. Organizations identify audit events as those events which are significant and relevant to the security of information systems and the environments in which those systems operate in order to meet specific and ongoing audit needs. Audit events can include, for example, password changes, failed logons, or failed accesses related to information systems, administrative privilege usage, PIV credential usage, or third-party credential usage. In determining the set of auditable events, organizations consider the auditing appropriate for each of the security controls to be implemented. To balance auditing requirements with other information system needs, this control also requires identifying that subset of auditable events that are audited at a given point in time. For example, organizations may determine that information systems must have the capability to log every file access both successful and unsuccessful, but not activate that capability except for specific circumstances due to the potential burden on system performance. Auditing requirements, including the need for auditable events, may be referenced in other security controls and control enhancements. Organizations also include auditable events that are required by applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, and standards. Audit records can be generated at various levels of abstraction, including at the packet level as information traverses the network. Selecting the appropriate level of abstraction is a critical aspect of an audit capability and can facilitate the identification of root causes to problems. Organizations consider in the definition of auditable events, the auditing necessary to cover related events such as the steps in distributed, transaction-based processes (e.g., processes that are distributed across multiple organizations) and actions that occur in service-oriented architectures. Related controls: AC-6, AC-17, AU-3, AU-12, MA-4, MP-2, MP-4, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing auditable events
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
information system auditable events
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with audit and accountability responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing information system auditing
Control enhancements None
AU-3Content of Audit Records
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system generates audit records containing information that establishes what type of event occurred, when the event occurred, where the event occurred, the source of the event, the outcome of the event, and the identity of any individuals or subjects associated with the event.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this control, includes, for example, time stamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, filenames involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. Event outcomes can include indicators of event success or failure and event-specific results (e.g., the security state of the information system after the event occurred). Related controls: AU-2, AU-8, AU-12, SI-11.
Objectives
|
Determine if the information system generates audit records containing information that establishes:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing content of audit records
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of organization-defined auditable events
information system audit records
information system incident reports
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with audit and accountability responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing information system auditing of auditable events
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-4Audit Storage Capacity
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization allocates audit record storage capacity in accordance with [Assignment: organization-defined audit record storage requirements].
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizations consider the types of auditing to be performed and the audit processing requirements when allocating audit storage capacity. Allocating sufficient audit storage capacity reduces the likelihood of such capacity being exceeded and resulting in the potential loss or reduction of auditing capability. Related controls: AU-2, AU-5, AU-6, AU-7, AU-11, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing audit storage capacity
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
audit record storage requirements
audit record storage capability for information system components
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with audit and accountability responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Audit record storage capacity and related configuration settings
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-5Response to Audit Processing Failures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Alerts [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] in the event of an audit processing failure; and |
| b. |
Takes the following additional actions: [Assignment: organization-defined actions to be taken (e.g., shut down information system, overwrite oldest audit records, stop generating audit records)]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Audit processing failures include, for example, software/hardware errors, failures in the audit capturing mechanisms, and audit storage capacity being reached or exceeded. Organizations may choose to define additional actions for different audit processing failures (e.g., by type, by location, by severity, or a combination of such factors). This control applies to each audit data storage repository (i.e., distinct information system component where audit records are stored), the total audit storage capacity of organizations (i.e., all audit data storage repositories combined), or both. Related controls: AU-4, SI-12.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing response to audit processing failures
information system design documentation
security plan
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of personnel to be notified in case of an audit processing failure
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with audit and accountability responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing information system response to audit processing failures
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-6Audit Review, Analysis, and Reporting
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Reviews and analyzes information system audit records [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] for indications of [Assignment: organization-defined inappropriate or unusual activity]; and |
| b. |
Reports findings to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Audit review, analysis, and reporting covers information security-related auditing performed by organizations including, for example, auditing that results from monitoring of account usage, remote access, wireless connectivity, mobile device connection, configuration settings, system component inventory, use of maintenance tools and nonlocal maintenance, physical access, temperature and humidity, equipment delivery and removal, communications at the information system boundaries, use of mobile code, and use of VoIP. Findings can be reported to organizational entities that include, for example, incident response team, help desk, information security group/department. If organizations are prohibited from reviewing and analyzing audit information or unable to conduct such activities (e.g., in certain national security applications or systems), the review/analysis may be carried out by other organizations granted such authority. Related controls: AC-2, AC-3, AC-6, AC-17, AT-3, AU-7, AU-16, CA-7, CM-5, CM-10, CM-11, IA-3, IA-5, IR-5, IR-6, MA-4, MP-4, PE-3, PE-6, PE-14, PE-16, RA-5, SC-7, SC-18, SC-19, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing audit review, analysis, and reporting
reports of audit findings
records of actions taken in response to reviews/analyses of audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with audit review, analysis, and reporting responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-7Audit Reduction and Report Generation
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The information system provides an audit reduction and report generation capability that:
| a. |
Supports on-demand audit review, analysis, and reporting requirements and after-the-fact investigations of security incidents; and |
| b. |
Does not alter the original content or time ordering of audit records. |
Supplemental guidance
Audit reduction is a process that manipulates collected audit information and organizes such information in a summary format that is more meaningful to analysts. Audit reduction and report generation capabilities do not always emanate from the same information system or from the same organizational entities conducting auditing activities. Audit reduction capability can include, for example, modern data mining techniques with advanced data filters to identify anomalous behavior in audit records. The report generation capability provided by the information system can generate customizable reports. Time ordering of audit records can be a significant issue if the granularity of the timestamp in the record is insufficient. Related control: AU-6.
Objectives
|
Determine if the information system provides an audit reduction and report generation capability that supports:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing audit reduction and report generation
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
audit reduction, review, analysis, and reporting tools
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with audit reduction and report generation responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Audit reduction and report generation capability
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-8Time Stamps
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Uses internal system clocks to generate time stamps for audit records; and |
| b. |
Records time stamps for audit records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and meets [Assignment: organization-defined granularity of time measurement]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Time stamps generated by the information system include date and time. Time is commonly expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), a modern continuation of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), or local time with an offset from UTC. Granularity of time measurements refers to the degree of synchronization between information system clocks and reference clocks, for example, clocks synchronizing within hundreds of milliseconds or within tens of milliseconds. Organizations may define different time granularities for different system components. Time service can also be critical to other security capabilities such as access control and identification and authentication, depending on the nature of the mechanisms used to support those capabilities. Related controls: AU-3, AU-12.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing time stamp generation
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing time stamp generation
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-9Protection of Audit Information
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system protects audit information and audit tools from unauthorized access, modification, and deletion.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity. This control focuses on technical protection of audit information. Physical protection of audit information is addressed by media protection controls and physical and environmental protection controls. Related controls: AC-3, AC-6, MP-2, MP-4, PE-2, PE-3, PE-6.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
access control policy and procedures
procedures addressing protection of audit information
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation, information system audit records
audit tools
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with audit and accountability responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing audit information protection
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-10Non-repudiation
baselineHIGH
priorityP2
Control: The information system protects against an individual (or process acting on behalf of an individual) falsely denying having performed [Assignment: organization-defined actions to be covered by non-repudiation].
Supplemental guidance
Types of individual actions covered by non-repudiation include, for example, creating information, sending and receiving messages, approving information (e.g., indicating concurrence or signing a contract). Non-repudiation protects individuals against later claims by: (i) authors of not having authored particular documents; (ii) senders of not having transmitted messages; (iii) receivers of not having received messages; or (iv) signatories of not having signed documents. Non-repudiation services can be used to determine if information originated from a particular individual, or if an individual took specific actions (e.g., sending an email, signing a contract, approving a procurement request) or received specific information. Organizations obtain non-repudiation services by employing various techniques or mechanisms (e.g., digital signatures, digital message receipts). Related controls: SC-12, SC-8, SC-13, SC-16, SC-17, SC-23.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing non-repudiation
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing non-repudiation capability
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-11Audit Record Retention
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP3
Control: The organization retains audit records for [Assignment: organization-defined time period consistent with records retention policy] to provide support for after-the-fact investigations of security incidents and to meet regulatory and organizational information retention requirements.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizations retain audit records until it is determined that they are no longer needed for administrative, legal, audit, or other operational purposes. This includes, for example, retention and availability of audit records relative to Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, subpoenas, and law enforcement actions. Organizations develop standard categories of audit records relative to such types of actions and standard response processes for each type of action. The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) General Records Schedules provide federal policy on record retention. Related controls: AU-4, AU-5, AU-9, MP-6.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
audit record retention policy and procedures
security plan
organization-defined retention period for audit records
audit record archives
audit logs
audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with audit record retention responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-12Audit Generation
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Provides audit record generation capability for the auditable events defined in AU-2 a. at [Assignment: organization-defined information system components]; |
| b. |
Allows [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to select which auditable events are to be audited by specific components of the information system; and |
| c. |
Generates audit records for the events defined in AU-2 d. with the content defined in AU-3. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Audit records can be generated from many different information system components. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. These events are typically a subset of all events for which the information system is capable of generating audit records. Related controls: AC-3, AU-2, AU-3, AU-6, AU-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing audit record generation
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of auditable events
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with audit record generation responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing audit record generation capability
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-13Monitoring for Information Disclosure
Control: The organization monitors [Assignment: organization-defined open source information and/or information sites] [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] for evidence of unauthorized disclosure of organizational information.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing information disclosure monitoring
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
monitoring records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for monitoring open source information and/or information sites
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing monitoring for information disclosure
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-14Session Audit
Control: The information system provides the capability for authorized users to select a user session to capture/record or view/hear.
Supplemental guidance
Session audits include, for example, monitoring keystrokes, tracking websites visited, and recording information and/or file transfers. Session auditing activities are developed, integrated, and used in consultation with legal counsel in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, or standards. Related controls: AC-3, AU-4, AU-5, AU-9, AU-11.
Objectives
|
Determine if the information system provides the capability for authorized users to select a user session to:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing user session auditing
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing user session auditing capability
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-15Alternate Audit Capability
Control: The organization provides an alternate audit capability in the event of a failure in primary audit capability that provides [Assignment: organization-defined alternate audit functionality].
Supplemental guidance
Since an alternate audit capability may be a short-term protection employed until the failure in the primary auditing capability is corrected, organizations may determine that the alternate audit capability need only provide a subset of the primary audit functionality that is impacted by the failure. Related control: AU-5.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing alternate audit capability
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
test records for alternative audit capability
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel responsible for providing alternate audit capability
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing alternative audit capability
Control enhancements None
References None
AU-16Cross-organizational Auditing
Control: The organization employs [Assignment: organization-defined methods] for coordinating [Assignment: organization-defined audit information] among external organizations when audit information is transmitted across organizational boundaries.
Supplemental guidance
When organizations use information systems and/or services of external organizations, the auditing capability necessitates a coordinated approach across organizations. For example, maintaining the identity of individuals that requested particular services across organizational boundaries may often be very difficult, and doing so may prove to have significant performance ramifications. Therefore, it is often the case that cross-organizational auditing (e.g., the type of auditing capability provided by service-oriented architectures) simply captures the identity of individuals issuing requests at the initial information system, and subsequent systems record that the requests emanated from authorized individuals. Related control: AU-6.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Audit and accountability policy
procedures addressing methods for coordinating audit information among external organizations
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
methods for coordinating audit information among external organizations
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for coordinating audit information among external organizations
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing cross-organizational auditing (if applicable)
Control enhancements None
References None
Security Assessment and Authorization - 8 controls
CA-1Security Assessment and Authorization Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the CA family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security assessment and authorization policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security assessment and authorization responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
CA-2Security Assessments
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops a security assessment plan that describes the scope of the assessment including:
|
| b. |
Assesses the security controls in the information system and its environment of operation [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] to determine the extent to which the controls are implemented correctly, operating as intended, and producing the desired outcome with respect to meeting established security requirements; |
| c. |
Produces a security assessment report that documents the results of the assessment; and |
| d. |
Provides the results of the security control assessment to [Assignment: organization-defined individuals or roles]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizations assess security controls in organizational information systems and the environments in which those systems operate as part of: (i) initial and ongoing security authorizations; (ii) FISMA annual assessments; (iii) continuous monitoring; and (iv) system development life cycle activities. Security assessments: (i) ensure that information security is built into organizational information systems; (ii) identify weaknesses and deficiencies early in the development process; (iii) provide essential information needed to make risk-based decisions as part of security authorization processes; and (iv) ensure compliance to vulnerability mitigation procedures. Assessments are conducted on the implemented security controls from Appendix F (main catalog) and Appendix G (Program Management controls) as documented in System Security Plans and Information Security Program Plans. Organizations can use other types of assessment activities such as vulnerability scanning and system monitoring to maintain the security posture of information systems during the entire life cycle. Security assessment reports document assessment results in sufficient detail as deemed necessary by organizations, to determine the accuracy and completeness of the reports and whether the security controls are implemented correctly, operating as intended, and producing the desired outcome with respect to meeting security requirements. The FISMA requirement for assessing security controls at least annually does not require additional assessment activities to those activities already in place in organizational security authorization processes. Security assessment results are provided to the individuals or roles appropriate for the types of assessments being conducted. For example, assessments conducted in support of security authorization decisions are provided to authorizing officials or authorizing official designated representatives. To satisfy annual assessment requirements, organizations can use assessment results from the following sources: (i) initial or ongoing information system authorizations; (ii) continuous monitoring; or (iii) system development life cycle activities. Organizations ensure that security assessment results are current, relevant to the determination of security control effectiveness, and obtained with the appropriate level of assessor independence. Existing security control assessment results can be reused to the extent that the results are still valid and can also be supplemented with additional assessments as needed. Subsequent to initial authorizations and in accordance with OMB policy, organizations assess security controls during continuous monitoring. Organizations establish the frequency for ongoing security control assessments in accordance with organizational continuous monitoring strategies. Information Assurance Vulnerability Alerts provide useful examples of vulnerability mitigation procedures. External audits (e.g., audits by external entities such as regulatory agencies) are outside the scope of this control. Related controls: CA-5, CA-6, CA-7, PM-9, RA-5, SA-11, SA-12, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security assessment and authorization policy
procedures addressing security assessment planning
procedures addressing security assessments
security assessment plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security assessment responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting security assessment, security assessment plan development, and/or security assessment reporting
Control enhancements None
CA-3System Interconnections
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Authorizes connections from the information system to other information systems through the use of Interconnection Security Agreements; |
| b. |
Documents, for each interconnection, the interface characteristics, security requirements, and the nature of the information communicated; and |
| c. |
Reviews and updates Interconnection Security Agreements [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to dedicated connections between information systems (i.e., system interconnections) and does not apply to transitory, user-controlled connections such as email and website browsing. Organizations carefully consider the risks that may be introduced when information systems are connected to other systems with different security requirements and security controls, both within organizations and external to organizations. Authorizing officials determine the risk associated with information system connections and the appropriate controls employed. If interconnecting systems have the same authorizing official, organizations do not need to develop Interconnection Security Agreements. Instead, organizations can describe the interface characteristics between those interconnecting systems in their respective security plans. If interconnecting systems have different authorizing officials within the same organization, organizations can either develop Interconnection Security Agreements or describe the interface characteristics between systems in the security plans for the respective systems. Organizations may also incorporate Interconnection Security Agreement information into formal contracts, especially for interconnections established between federal agencies and nonfederal (i.e., private sector) organizations. Risk considerations also include information systems sharing the same networks. For certain technologies (e.g., space, unmanned aerial vehicles, and medical devices), there may be specialized connections in place during preoperational testing. Such connections may require Interconnection Security Agreements and be subject to additional security controls. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, AC-20, AU-2, AU-12, AU-16, CA-7, IA-3, SA-9, SC-7, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing information system connections
system and communications protection policy
information system Interconnection Security Agreements
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for developing, implementing, or approving information system interconnection agreements
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
personnel managing the system(s) to which the Interconnection Security Agreement applies
Control enhancements None
CA-5Plan of Action and Milestones
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP3
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops a plan of action and milestones for the information system to document the organization’s planned remedial actions to correct weaknesses or deficiencies noted during the assessment of the security controls and to reduce or eliminate known vulnerabilities in the system; and |
| b. |
Updates existing plan of action and milestones [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] based on the findings from security controls assessments, security impact analyses, and continuous monitoring activities. |
itemState Implementation
|
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security assessment and authorization policy
procedures addressing plan of action and milestones
security plan
security assessment plan
security assessment report
security assessment evidence
plan of action and milestones
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with plan of action and milestones development and implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms for developing, implementing, and maintaining plan of action and milestones
Control enhancements None
CA-6Security Authorization
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Assigns a senior-level executive or manager as the authorizing official for the information system; |
| b. |
Ensures that the authorizing official authorizes the information system for processing before commencing operations; and |
| c. |
Updates the security authorization [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Security authorizations are official management decisions, conveyed through authorization decision documents, by senior organizational officials or executives (i.e., authorizing officials) to authorize operation of information systems and to explicitly accept the risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation based on the implementation of agreed-upon security controls. Authorizing officials provide budgetary oversight for organizational information systems or assume responsibility for the mission/business operations supported by those systems. The security authorization process is an inherently federal responsibility and therefore, authorizing officials must be federal employees. Through the security authorization process, authorizing officials assume responsibility and are accountable for security risks associated with the operation and use of organizational information systems. Accordingly, authorizing officials are in positions with levels of authority commensurate with understanding and accepting such information security-related risks. OMB policy requires that organizations conduct ongoing authorizations of information systems by implementing continuous monitoring programs. Continuous monitoring programs can satisfy three-year reauthorization requirements, so separate reauthorization processes are not necessary. Through the employment of comprehensive continuous monitoring processes, critical information contained in authorization packages (i.e., security plans, security assessment reports, and plans of action and milestones) is updated on an ongoing basis, providing authorizing officials and information system owners with an up-to-date status of the security state of organizational information systems and environments of operation. To reduce the administrative cost of security reauthorization, authorizing officials use the results of continuous monitoring processes to the maximum extent possible as the basis for rendering reauthorization decisions. Related controls: CA-2, CA-7, PM-9, PM-10.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security assessment and authorization policy
procedures addressing security authorization
security authorization package (including security plan
security assessment report
plan of action and milestones
authorization statement)
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security authorization responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms that facilitate security authorizations and updates
Control enhancements None
CA-7Continuous Monitoring
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization develops a continuous monitoring strategy and implements a continuous monitoring program that includes:
| a. |
Establishment of [Assignment: organization-defined metrics] to be monitored; |
| b. |
Establishment of [Assignment: organization-defined frequencies] for monitoring and [Assignment: organization-defined frequencies] for assessments supporting such monitoring; |
| c. |
Ongoing security control assessments in accordance with the organizational continuous monitoring strategy; |
| d. |
Ongoing security status monitoring of organization-defined metrics in accordance with the organizational continuous monitoring strategy; |
| e. |
Correlation and analysis of security-related information generated by assessments and monitoring; |
| f. |
Response actions to address results of the analysis of security-related information; and |
| g. |
Reporting the security status of organization and the information system to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Continuous monitoring programs facilitate ongoing awareness of threats, vulnerabilities, and information security to support organizational risk management decisions. The terms continuous and ongoing imply that organizations assess/analyze security controls and information security-related risks at a frequency sufficient to support organizational risk-based decisions. The results of continuous monitoring programs generate appropriate risk response actions by organizations. Continuous monitoring programs also allow organizations to maintain the security authorizations of information systems and common controls over time in highly dynamic environments of operation with changing mission/business needs, threats, vulnerabilities, and technologies. Having access to security-related information on a continuing basis through reports/dashboards gives organizational officials the capability to make more effective and timely risk management decisions, including ongoing security authorization decisions. Automation supports more frequent updates to security authorization packages, hardware/software/firmware inventories, and other system information. Effectiveness is further enhanced when continuous monitoring outputs are formatted to provide information that is specific, measurable, actionable, relevant, and timely. Continuous monitoring activities are scaled in accordance with the security categories of information systems. Related controls: CA-2, CA-5, CA-6, CM-3, CM-4, PM-6, PM-9, RA-5, SA-11, SA-12, SI-2, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security assessment and authorization policy
procedures addressing continuous monitoring of information system security controls
procedures addressing configuration management
security plan
security assessment report
plan of action and milestones
information system monitoring records
configuration management records, security impact analyses
status reports
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with continuous monitoring responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Mechanisms implementing continuous monitoring
Control enhancements None
CA-8Penetration Testing
baselineHIGH
priorityP2
Control: The organization conducts penetration testing [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] on [Assignment: organization-defined information systems or system components].
Supplemental guidance
Penetration testing is a specialized type of assessment conducted on information systems or individual system components to identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited by adversaries. Such testing can be used to either validate vulnerabilities or determine the degree of resistance organizational information systems have to adversaries within a set of specified constraints (e.g., time, resources, and/or skills). Penetration testing attempts to duplicate the actions of adversaries in carrying out hostile cyber attacks against organizations and provides a more in-depth analysis of security-related weaknesses/deficiencies. Organizations can also use the results of vulnerability analyses to support penetration testing activities. Penetration testing can be conducted on the hardware, software, or firmware components of an information system and can exercise both physical and technical security controls. A standard method for penetration testing includes, for example: (i) pretest analysis based on full knowledge of the target system; (ii) pretest identification of potential vulnerabilities based on pretest analysis; and (iii) testing designed to determine exploitability of identified vulnerabilities. All parties agree to the rules of engagement before the commencement of penetration testing scenarios. Organizations correlate the penetration testing rules of engagement with the tools, techniques, and procedures that are anticipated to be employed by adversaries carrying out attacks. Organizational risk assessments guide decisions on the level of independence required for personnel conducting penetration testing. Related control: SA-12.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security assessment and authorization policy
procedures addressing penetration testing
security plan
security assessment plan
penetration test report
security assessment report
security assessment evidence
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security assessment responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities, system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting penetration testing
Control enhancements None
References None
CA-9Internal System Connections
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Authorizes internal connections of [Assignment: organization-defined information system components or classes of components] to the information system; and |
| b. |
Documents, for each internal connection, the interface characteristics, security requirements, and the nature of the information communicated. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to connections between organizational information systems and (separate) constituent system components (i.e., intra-system connections) including, for example, system connections with mobile devices, notebook/desktop computers, printers, copiers, facsimile machines, scanners, sensors, and servers. Instead of authorizing each individual internal connection, organizations can authorize internal connections for a class of components with common characteristics and/or configurations, for example, all digital printers, scanners, and copiers with a specified processing, storage, and transmission capability or all smart phones with a specific baseline configuration. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, AC-18, AC-19, AU-2, AU-12, CA-7, CM-2, IA-3, SC-7, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Access control policy
procedures addressing information system connections
system and communications protection policy
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of components or classes of components authorized as internal system connections
security assessment report
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for developing, implementing, or authorizing internal system connections
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
References None
Configuration Management - 11 controls
CM-1Configuration Management Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the CM family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Configuration management policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with configuration management responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Control enhancements None
CM-2Baseline Configuration
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization develops, documents, and maintains under configuration control, a current baseline configuration of the information system.
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control establishes baseline configurations for information systems and system components including communications and connectivity-related aspects of systems. Baseline configurations are documented, formally reviewed and agreed-upon sets of specifications for information systems or configuration items within those systems. Baseline configurations serve as a basis for future builds, releases, and/or changes to information systems. Baseline configurations include information about information system components (e.g., standard software packages installed on workstations, notebook computers, servers, network components, or mobile devices; current version numbers and patch information on operating systems and applications; and configuration settings/parameters), network topology, and the logical placement of those components within the system architecture. Maintaining baseline configurations requires creating new baselines as organizational information systems change over time. Baseline configurations of information systems reflect the current enterprise architecture. Related controls: CM-3, CM-6, CM-8, CM-9, SA-10, PM-5, PM-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Configuration management policy
procedures addressing the baseline configuration of the information system
configuration management plan
enterprise architecture documentation
information system design documentation
information system architecture and configuration documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
change control records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with configuration management responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for managing baseline configurations
automated mechanisms supporting configuration control of the baseline configuration
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
CM-3Configuration Change Control
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Determines the types of changes to the information system that are configuration-controlled; |
| b. |
Reviews proposed configuration-controlled changes to the information system and approves or disapproves such changes with explicit consideration for security impact analyses; |
| c. |
Documents configuration change decisions associated with the information system; |
| d. |
Implements approved configuration-controlled changes to the information system; |
| e. |
Retains records of configuration-controlled changes to the information system for [Assignment: organization-defined time period]; |
| f. |
Audits and reviews activities associated with configuration-controlled changes to the information system; and |
| g. |
Coordinates and provides oversight for configuration change control activities through [Assignment: organization-defined configuration change control element (e.g., committee, board)] that convenes . |
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Configuration change controls for organizational information systems involve the systematic proposal, justification, implementation, testing, review, and disposition of changes to the systems, including system upgrades and modifications. Configuration change control includes changes to baseline configurations for components and configuration items of information systems, changes to configuration settings for information technology products (e.g., operating systems, applications, firewalls, routers, and mobile devices), unscheduled/unauthorized changes, and changes to remediate vulnerabilities. Typical processes for managing configuration changes to information systems include, for example, Configuration Control Boards that approve proposed changes to systems. For new development information systems or systems undergoing major upgrades, organizations consider including representatives from development organizations on the Configuration Control Boards. Auditing of changes includes activities before and after changes are made to organizational information systems and the auditing activities required to implement such changes. Related controls: CA-7, CM-2, CM-4, CM-5, CM-6, CM-9, SA-10, SI-2, SI-12.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Configuration management policy
procedures addressing information system configuration change control
configuration management plan
information system architecture and configuration documentation
security plan
change control records
information system audit records
change control audit and review reports
agenda /minutes from configuration change control oversight meetings
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with configuration change control responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
members of change control board or similar
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for configuration change control
automated mechanisms that implement configuration change control
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
CM-4Security Impact Analysis
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP2
Control: The organization analyzes changes to the information system to determine potential security impacts prior to change implementation.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizational personnel with information security responsibilities (e.g., Information System Administrators, Information System Security Officers, Information System Security Managers, and Information System Security Engineers) conduct security impact analyses. Individuals conducting security impact analyses possess the necessary skills/technical expertise to analyze the changes to information systems and the associated security ramifications. Security impact analysis may include, for example, reviewing security plans to understand security control requirements and reviewing system design documentation to understand control implementation and how specific changes might affect the controls. Security impact analyses may also include assessments of risk to better understand the impact of the changes and to determine if additional security controls are required. Security impact analyses are scaled in accordance with the security categories of the information systems. Related controls: CA-2, CA-7, CM-3, CM-9, SA-4, SA-5, SA-10, SI-2.
Objective
|
Determine if the organization analyzes changes to the information system to determine potential security impacts prior to change implementation. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Configuration management policy
procedures addressing security impact analysis for changes to the information system
configuration management plan
security impact analysis documentation
analysis tools and associated outputs
change control records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for conducting security impact analysis
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for security impact analysis
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
CM-5Access Restrictions for Change
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization defines, documents, approves, and enforces physical and logical access restrictions associated with changes to the information system.
Supplemental guidance
Any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of information systems can potentially have significant effects on the overall security of the systems. Therefore, organizations permit only qualified and authorized individuals to access information systems for purposes of initiating changes, including upgrades and modifications. Organizations maintain records of access to ensure that configuration change control is implemented and to support after-the-fact actions should organizations discover any unauthorized changes. Access restrictions for change also include software libraries. Access restrictions include, for example, physical and logical access controls (see AC-3 and PE-3), workflow automation, media libraries, abstract layers (e.g., changes implemented into third-party interfaces rather than directly into information systems), and change windows (e.g., changes occur only during specified times, making unauthorized changes easy to discover). Related controls: AC-3, AC-6, PE-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Configuration management policy
procedures addressing access restrictions for changes to the information system
configuration management plan
information system design documentation
information system architecture and configuration documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
logical access approvals
physical access approvals
access credentials
change control records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with logical access control responsibilities
organizational personnel with physical access control responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for managing access restrictions to change
automated mechanisms supporting/implementing/enforcing access restrictions associated with changes to the information system
Control enhancements None
References None
CM-6Configuration Settings
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes and documents configuration settings for information technology products employed within the information system using [Assignment: organization-defined security configuration checklists] that reflect the most restrictive mode consistent with operational requirements; |
| b. |
Implements the configuration settings; |
| c. |
Identifies, documents, and approves any deviations from established configuration settings for [Assignment: organization-defined information system components] based on [Assignment: organization-defined operational requirements]; and |
| d. |
Monitors and controls changes to the configuration settings in accordance with organizational policies and procedures. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Configuration settings are the set of parameters that can be changed in hardware, software, or firmware components of the information system that affect the security posture and/or functionality of the system. Information technology products for which security-related configuration settings can be defined include, for example, mainframe computers, servers (e.g., database, electronic mail, authentication, web, proxy, file, domain name), workstations, input/output devices (e.g., scanners, copiers, and printers), network components (e.g., firewalls, routers, gateways, voice and data switches, wireless access points, network appliances, sensors), operating systems, middleware, and applications. Security-related parameters are those parameters impacting the security state of information systems including the parameters required to satisfy other security control requirements. Security-related parameters include, for example: (i) registry settings; (ii) account, file, directory permission settings; and (iii) settings for functions, ports, protocols, services, and remote connections. Organizations establish organization-wide configuration settings and subsequently derive specific settings for information systems. The established settings become part of the systems configuration baseline. Common secure configurations (also referred to as security configuration checklists, lockdown and hardening guides, security reference guides, security technical implementation guides) provide recognized, standardized, and established benchmarks that stipulate secure configuration settings for specific information technology platforms/products and instructions for configuring those information system components to meet operational requirements. Common secure configurations can be developed by a variety of organizations including, for example, information technology product developers, manufacturers, vendors, consortia, academia, industry, federal agencies, and other organizations in the public and private sectors. Common secure configurations include the United States Government Configuration Baseline (USGCB) which affects the implementation of CM-6 and other controls such as AC-19 and CM-7. The Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) and the defined standards within the protocol (e.g., Common Configuration Enumeration) provide an effective method to uniquely identify, track, and control configuration settings. OMB establishes federal policy on configuration requirements for federal information systems. Related controls: AC-19, CM-2, CM-3, CM-7, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Configuration management policy
procedures addressing configuration settings for the information system
configuration management plan
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
security configuration checklists
evidence supporting approved deviations from established configuration settings
change control records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security configuration management responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for managing configuration settings
automated mechanisms that implement, monitor, and/or control information system configuration settings
automated mechanisms that identify and/or document deviations from established configuration settings
Control enhancements None
CM-7Least Functionality
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Configures the information system to provide only essential capabilities; and |
| b. |
Prohibits or restricts the use of the following functions, ports, protocols, and/or services: [Assignment: organization-defined prohibited or restricted functions, ports, protocols, and/or services]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information systems can provide a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential organizational operations (e.g., key missions, functions). Additionally, it is sometimes convenient to provide multiple services from single information system components, but doing so increases risk over limiting the services provided by any one component. Where feasible, organizations limit component functionality to a single function per device (e.g., email servers or web servers, but not both). Organizations review functions and services provided by information systems or individual components of information systems, to determine which functions and services are candidates for elimination (e.g., Voice Over Internet Protocol, Instant Messaging, auto-execute, and file sharing). Organizations consider disabling unused or unnecessary physical and logical ports/protocols (e.g., Universal Serial Bus, File Transfer Protocol, and Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) on information systems to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling. Organizations can utilize network scanning tools, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and end-point protections such as firewalls and host-based intrusion detection systems to identify and prevent the use of prohibited functions, ports, protocols, and services. Related controls: AC-6, CM-2, RA-5, SA-5, SC-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Configuration management policy
configuration management plan
procedures addressing least functionality in the information system
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
security configuration checklists
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security configuration management responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes prohibiting or restricting functions, ports, protocols, and/or services
automated mechanisms implementing restrictions or prohibition of functions, ports, protocols, and/or services
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
CM-8Information System Component Inventory
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops and documents an inventory of information system components that:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the information system component inventory [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizations may choose to implement centralized information system component inventories that include components from all organizational information systems. In such situations, organizations ensure that the resulting inventories include system-specific information required for proper component accountability (e.g., information system association, information system owner). Information deemed necessary for effective accountability of information system components includes, for example, hardware inventory specifications, software license information, software version numbers, component owners, and for networked components or devices, machine names and network addresses. Inventory specifications include, for example, manufacturer, device type, model, serial number, and physical location. Related controls: CM-2, CM-6, PM-5.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Configuration management policy
procedures addressing information system component inventory
configuration management plan
security plan
information system inventory records
inventory reviews and update records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for information system component inventory
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for developing and documenting an inventory of information system components
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the information system component inventory
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
CM-9Configuration Management Plan
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization develops, documents, and implements a configuration management plan for the information system that:
| a. |
Addresses roles, responsibilities, and configuration management processes and procedures; |
| b. |
Establishes a process for identifying configuration items throughout the system development life cycle and for managing the configuration of the configuration items; |
| c. |
Defines the configuration items for the information system and places the configuration items under configuration management; and |
| d. |
Protects the configuration management plan from unauthorized disclosure and modification. |
Supplemental guidance
Configuration management plans satisfy the requirements in configuration management policies while being tailored to individual information systems. Such plans define detailed processes and procedures for how configuration management is used to support system development life cycle activities at the information system level. Configuration management plans are typically developed during the development/acquisition phase of the system development life cycle. The plans describe how to move changes through change management processes, how to update configuration settings and baselines, how to maintain information system component inventories, how to control development, test, and operational environments, and how to develop, release, and update key documents. Organizations can employ templates to help ensure consistent and timely development and implementation of configuration management plans. Such templates can represent a master configuration management plan for the organization at large with subsets of the plan implemented on a system by system basis. Configuration management approval processes include designation of key management stakeholders responsible for reviewing and approving proposed changes to information systems, and personnel that conduct security impact analyses prior to the implementation of changes to the systems. Configuration items are the information system items (hardware, software, firmware, and documentation) to be configuration-managed. As information systems continue through the system development life cycle, new configuration items may be identified and some existing configuration items may no longer need to be under configuration control. Related controls: CM-2, CM-3, CM-4, CM-5, CM-8, SA-10.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization develops, documents, and implements a configuration management plan for the information system that:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Configuration management policy
procedures addressing configuration management planning
configuration management plan
security plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for developing the configuration management plan
organizational personnel with responsibilities for implementing and managing processes defined in the configuration management plan
organizational personnel with responsibilities for protecting the configuration management plan
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for developing and documenting the configuration management plan
organizational processes for identifying and managing configuration items
organizational processes for protecting the configuration management plan
automated mechanisms implementing the configuration management plan
automated mechanisms for managing configuration items
automated mechanisms for protecting the configuration management plan
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
CM-10Software Usage Restrictions
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Uses software and associated documentation in accordance with contract agreements and copyright laws; |
| b. |
Tracks the use of software and associated documentation protected by quantity licenses to control copying and distribution; and |
| c. |
Controls and documents the use of peer-to-peer file sharing technology to ensure that this capability is not used for the unauthorized distribution, display, performance, or reproduction of copyrighted work. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Configuration management policy
procedures addressing software usage restrictions
configuration management plan
security plan
software contract agreements and copyright laws
site license documentation
list of software usage restrictions
software license tracking reports
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
organizational personnel operating, using, and/or maintaining the information system
organizational personnel with software license management responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational process for tracking the use of software protected by quantity licenses
organization process for controlling/documenting the use of peer-to-peer file sharing technology
automated mechanisms implementing software license tracking
automated mechanisms implementing and controlling the use of peer-to-peer files sharing technology
Control enhancements None
References None
CM-11User-installed Software
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes [Assignment: organization-defined policies] governing the installation of software by users; |
| b. |
Enforces software installation policies through [Assignment: organization-defined methods]; and |
| c. |
Monitors policy compliance at [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
If provided the necessary privileges, users have the ability to install software in organizational information systems. To maintain control over the types of software installed, organizations identify permitted and prohibited actions regarding software installation. Permitted software installations may include, for example, updates and security patches to existing software and downloading applications from organization-approved “app stores” Prohibited software installations may include, for example, software with unknown or suspect pedigrees or software that organizations consider potentially malicious. The policies organizations select governing user-installed software may be organization-developed or provided by some external entity. Policy enforcement methods include procedural methods (e.g., periodic examination of user accounts), automated methods (e.g., configuration settings implemented on organizational information systems), or both. Related controls: AC-3, CM-2, CM-3, CM-5, CM-6, CM-7, PL-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Configuration management policy
procedures addressing user installed software
configuration management plan
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of rules governing user installed software
information system monitoring records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
continuous monitoring strategy
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for governing user-installed software
organizational personnel operating, using, and/or maintaining the information system
organizational personnel monitoring compliance with user-installed software policy
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes governing user-installed software on the information system
automated mechanisms enforcing rules/methods for governing the installation of software by users
automated mechanisms monitoring policy compliance
Control enhancements None
References None
Contingency Planning - 12 controls
CP-1Contingency Planning Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the CP family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with contingency planning responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
CP-2Contingency Plan
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops a contingency plan for the information system that:
|
| b. |
Distributes copies of the contingency plan to [Assignment: organization-defined key contingency personnel (identified by name and/or by role) and organizational elements]; |
| c. |
Coordinates contingency planning activities with incident handling activities; |
| d. |
Reviews the contingency plan for the information system [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]; |
| e. |
Updates the contingency plan to address changes to the organization, information system, or environment of operation and problems encountered during contingency plan implementation, execution, or testing; |
| f. |
Communicates contingency plan changes to [Assignment: organization-defined key contingency personnel (identified by name and/or by role) and organizational elements]; and |
| g. |
Protects the contingency plan from unauthorized disclosure and modification. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Contingency planning for information systems is part of an overall organizational program for achieving continuity of operations for mission/business functions. Contingency planning addresses both information system restoration and implementation of alternative mission/business processes when systems are compromised. The effectiveness of contingency planning is maximized by considering such planning throughout the phases of the system development life cycle. Performing contingency planning on hardware, software, and firmware development can be an effective means of achieving information system resiliency. Contingency plans reflect the degree of restoration required for organizational information systems since not all systems may need to fully recover to achieve the level of continuity of operations desired. Information system recovery objectives reflect applicable laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, standards, regulations, and guidelines. In addition to information system availability, contingency plans also address other security-related events resulting in a reduction in mission and/or business effectiveness, such as malicious attacks compromising the confidentiality or integrity of information systems. Actions addressed in contingency plans include, for example, orderly/graceful degradation, information system shutdown, fallback to a manual mode, alternate information flows, and operating in modes reserved for when systems are under attack. By closely coordinating contingency planning with incident handling activities, organizations can ensure that the necessary contingency planning activities are in place and activated in the event of a security incident. Related controls: AC-14, CP-6, CP-7, CP-8, CP-9, CP-10, IR-4, IR-8, MP-2, MP-4, MP-5, PM-8, PM-11.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy
procedures addressing contingency operations for the information system
contingency plan
security plan
evidence of contingency plan reviews and updates
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with contingency planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel with incident handling responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for contingency plan development, review, update, and protection
automated mechanisms for developing, reviewing, updating and/or protecting the contingency plan
Control enhancements None
CP-3Contingency Training
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization provides contingency training to information system users consistent with assigned roles and responsibilities:
| a. |
Within [Assignment: organization-defined time period] of assuming a contingency role or responsibility; |
| b. |
When required by information system changes; and |
| c. |
[Assignment: organization-defined frequency] thereafter. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Contingency training provided by organizations is linked to the assigned roles and responsibilities of organizational personnel to ensure that the appropriate content and level of detail is included in such training. For example, regular users may only need to know when and where to report for duty during contingency operations and if normal duties are affected; system administrators may require additional training on how to set up information systems at alternate processing and storage sites; and managers/senior leaders may receive more specific training on how to conduct mission-essential functions in designated off-site locations and how to establish communications with other governmental entities for purposes of coordination on contingency-related activities. Training for contingency roles/responsibilities reflects the specific continuity requirements in the contingency plan. Related controls: AT-2, AT-3, CP-2, IR-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy
procedures addressing contingency training
contingency plan
contingency training curriculum
contingency training material
security plan
contingency training records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with contingency planning, plan implementation, and training responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for contingency training
Control enhancements None
CP-4Contingency Plan Testing
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Tests the contingency plan for the information system [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] using [Assignment: organization-defined tests] to determine the effectiveness of the plan and the organizational readiness to execute the plan; |
| b. |
Reviews the contingency plan test results; and |
| c. |
Initiates corrective actions, if needed. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Methods for testing contingency plans to determine the effectiveness of the plans and to identify potential weaknesses in the plans include, for example, walk-through and tabletop exercises, checklists, simulations (parallel, full interrupt), and comprehensive exercises. Organizations conduct testing based on the continuity requirements in contingency plans and include a determination of the effects on organizational operations, assets, and individuals arising due to contingency operations. Organizations have flexibility and discretion in the breadth, depth, and timelines of corrective actions. Related controls: CP-2, CP-3, IR-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy
procedures addressing contingency plan testing
contingency plan
security plan
contingency plan test documentation
contingency plan test results
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for contingency plan testing, reviewing or responding to contingency plan tests
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for contingency plan testing
automated mechanisms supporting the contingency plan and/or contingency plan testing
Control enhancements None
CP-6Alternate Storage Site
baselineMOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes an alternate storage site including necessary agreements to permit the storage and retrieval of information system backup information; and |
| b. |
Ensures that the alternate storage site provides information security safeguards equivalent to that of the primary site. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Alternate storage sites are sites that are geographically distinct from primary storage sites. An alternate storage site maintains duplicate copies of information and data in the event that the primary storage site is not available. Items covered by alternate storage site agreements include, for example, environmental conditions at alternate sites, access rules, physical and environmental protection requirements, and coordination of delivery/retrieval of backup media. Alternate storage sites reflect the requirements in contingency plans so that organizations can maintain essential missions/business functions despite disruption, compromise, or failure in organizational information systems. Related controls: CP-2, CP-7, CP-9, CP-10, MP-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy
procedures addressing alternate storage sites
contingency plan
alternate storage site agreements
primary storage site agreements
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with contingency plan alternate storage site responsibilities
organizational personnel with information system recovery responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for storing and retrieving information system backup information at the alternate storage site
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing storage and retrieval of information system backup information at the alternate storage site
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
CP-7Alternate Processing Site
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes an alternate processing site including necessary agreements to permit the transfer and resumption of [Assignment: organization-defined information system operations] for essential missions/business functions within [Assignment: organization-defined time period consistent with recovery time and recovery point objectives] when the primary processing capabilities are unavailable; |
| b. |
Ensures that equipment and supplies required to transfer and resume operations are available at the alternate processing site or contracts are in place to support delivery to the site within the organization-defined time period for transfer/resumption; and |
| c. |
Ensures that the alternate processing site provides information security safeguards equivalent to those of the primary site. |
Supplemental guidance
Alternate processing sites are sites that are geographically distinct from primary processing sites. An alternate processing site provides processing capability in the event that the primary processing site is not available. Items covered by alternate processing site agreements include, for example, environmental conditions at alternate sites, access rules, physical and environmental protection requirements, and coordination for the transfer/assignment of personnel. Requirements are specifically allocated to alternate processing sites that reflect the requirements in contingency plans to maintain essential missions/business functions despite disruption, compromise, or failure in organizational information systems. Related controls: CP-2, CP-6, CP-8, CP-9, CP-10, MA-6.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy
procedures addressing alternate processing sites
contingency plan
alternate processing site agreements
primary processing site agreements
spare equipment and supplies inventory at alternate processing site
equipment and supply contracts
service-level agreements
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for contingency planning and/or alternate site arrangements
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for recovery at the alternate site
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing recovery at the alternate processing site
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
CP-8Telecommunications Services
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization establishes alternate telecommunications services including necessary agreements to permit the resumption of [Assignment: organization-defined information system operations] for essential missions and business functions within [Assignment: organization-defined time period] when the primary telecommunications capabilities are unavailable at either the primary or alternate processing or storage sites.
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to telecommunications services (data and voice) for primary and alternate processing and storage sites. Alternate telecommunications services reflect the continuity requirements in contingency plans to maintain essential missions/business functions despite the loss of primary telecommunications services. Organizations may specify different time periods for primary/alternate sites. Alternate telecommunications services include, for example, additional organizational or commercial ground-based circuits/lines or satellites in lieu of ground-based communications. Organizations consider factors such as availability, quality of service, and access when entering into alternate telecommunications agreements. Related controls: CP-2, CP-6, CP-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy
procedures addressing alternate telecommunications services
contingency plan
primary and alternate telecommunications service agreements
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with contingency plan telecommunications responsibilities
organizational personnel with information system recovery responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibility for acquisitions/contractual agreements
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting telecommunications
Control enhancements None
CP-9Information System Backup
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Conducts backups of user-level information contained in the information system [Assignment: organization-defined frequency consistent with recovery time and recovery point objectives]; |
| b. |
Conducts backups of system-level information contained in the information system [Assignment: organization-defined frequency consistent with recovery time and recovery point objectives]; |
| c. |
Conducts backups of information system documentation including security-related documentation [Assignment: organization-defined frequency consistent with recovery time and recovery point objectives]; and |
| d. |
Protects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of backup information at storage locations. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
System-level information includes, for example, system-state information, operating system and application software, and licenses. User-level information includes any information other than system-level information. Mechanisms employed by organizations to protect the integrity of information system backups include, for example, digital signatures and cryptographic hashes. Protection of system backup information while in transit is beyond the scope of this control. Information system backups reflect the requirements in contingency plans as well as other organizational requirements for backing up information. Related controls: CP-2, CP-6, MP-4, MP-5, SC-13.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy
procedures addressing information system backup
contingency plan
backup storage location(s)
information system backup logs or records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system backup responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for conducting information system backups
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing information system backups
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
CP-10Information System Recovery and Reconstitution
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization provides for the recovery and reconstitution of the information system to a known state after a disruption, compromise, or failure.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Recovery is executing information system contingency plan activities to restore organizational missions/business functions. Reconstitution takes place following recovery and includes activities for returning organizational information systems to fully operational states. Recovery and reconstitution operations reflect mission and business priorities, recovery point/time and reconstitution objectives, and established organizational metrics consistent with contingency plan requirements. Reconstitution includes the deactivation of any interim information system capabilities that may have been needed during recovery operations. Reconstitution also includes assessments of fully restored information system capabilities, reestablishment of continuous monitoring activities, potential information system reauthorizations, and activities to prepare the systems against future disruptions, compromises, or failures. Recovery/reconstitution capabilities employed by organizations can include both automated mechanisms and manual procedures. Related controls: CA-2, CA-6, CA-7, CP-2, CP-6, CP-7, CP-9, SC-24.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization provides for:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy
procedures addressing information system backup
contingency plan
information system backup test results
contingency plan test results
contingency plan test documentation
redundant secondary system for information system backups
location(s) of redundant secondary backup system(s)
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with contingency planning, recovery, and/or reconstitution responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes implementing information system recovery and reconstitution operations
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing information system recovery and reconstitution operations
Control enhancements None
CP-11Alternate Communications Protocols
Control: The information system provides the capability to employ [Assignment: organization-defined alternative communications protocols] in support of maintaining continuity of operations.
Supplemental guidance
Contingency plans and the associated training and testing for those plans, incorporate an alternate communications protocol capability as part of increasing the resilience of organizational information systems. Alternate communications protocols include, for example, switching from Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Version 4 to TCP/IP Version 6. Switching communications protocols may affect software applications and therefore, the potential side effects of introducing alternate communications protocols are analyzed prior to implementation.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy
procedures addressing alternative communications protocols
contingency plan
continuity of operations plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of alternative communications protocols supporting continuity of operations
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with contingency planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel with continuity of operations planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms employing alternative communications protocols
Control enhancements None
References None
CP-12Safe Mode
Control: The information system, when [Assignment: organization-defined conditions] are detected, enters a safe mode of operation with [Assignment: organization-defined restrictions of safe mode of operation].
Supplemental guidance
For information systems supporting critical missions/business functions including, for example, military operations and weapons systems, civilian space operations, nuclear power plant operations, and air traffic control operations (especially real-time operational environments), organizations may choose to identify certain conditions under which those systems revert to a predefined safe mode of operation. The safe mode of operation, which can be activated automatically or manually, restricts the types of activities or operations information systems could execute when those conditions are encountered. Restriction includes, for example, allowing only certain functions that could be carried out under limited power or with reduced communications bandwidth.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy
procedures addressing safe mode of operation for the information system
contingency plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system administration manuals
information system operation manuals
information system installation manuals
contingency plan test records
incident handling records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system operation responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing safe mode of operation
Control enhancements None
References None
CP-13Alternative Security Mechanisms
Control: The organization employs [Assignment: organization-defined alternative or supplemental security mechanisms] for satisfying [Assignment: organization-defined security functions] when the primary means of implementing the security function is unavailable or compromised.
Supplemental guidance
This control supports information system resiliency and contingency planning/continuity of operations. To ensure mission/business continuity, organizations can implement alternative or supplemental security mechanisms. These mechanisms may be less effective than the primary mechanisms (e.g., not as easy to use, not as scalable, or not as secure). However, having the capability to readily employ these alternative/supplemental mechanisms enhances overall mission/business continuity that might otherwise be adversely impacted if organizational operations had to be curtailed until the primary means of implementing the functions was restored. Given the cost and level of effort required to provide such alternative capabilities, this control would typically be applied only to critical security capabilities provided by information systems, system components, or information system services. For example, an organization may issue to senior executives and system administrators one-time pads in case multifactor tokens, the organization’s standard means for secure remote authentication, is compromised. Related control: CP-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Contingency planning policy
procedures addressing alternate security mechanisms
contingency plan
continuity of operations plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
contingency plan test records
contingency plan test results
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system operation responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Information system capability implementing alternative security mechanisms
Control enhancements None
References None
Identification and Authentication - 11 controls
IA-1Identification and Authentication Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the IA family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Identification and authentication policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with identification and authentication responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
IA-2Identification and Authentication (organizational Users)
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The information system uniquely identifies and authenticates organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of organizational users).
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizational users include employees or individuals that organizations deem to have equivalent status of employees (e.g., contractors, guest researchers). This control applies to all accesses other than: (i) accesses that are explicitly identified and documented in AC-14; and (ii) accesses that occur through authorized use of group authenticators without individual authentication. Organizations may require unique identification of individuals in group accounts (e.g., shared privilege accounts) or for detailed accountability of individual activity. Organizations employ passwords, tokens, or biometrics to authenticate user identities, or in the case multifactor authentication, or some combination thereof. Access to organizational information systems is defined as either local access or network access. Local access is any access to organizational information systems by users (or processes acting on behalf of users) where such access is obtained by direct connections without the use of networks. Network access is access to organizational information systems by users (or processes acting on behalf of users) where such access is obtained through network connections (i.e., nonlocal accesses). Remote access is a type of network access that involves communication through external networks (e.g., the Internet). Internal networks include local area networks and wide area networks. In addition, the use of encrypted virtual private networks (VPNs) for network connections between organization-controlled endpoints and non-organization controlled endpoints may be treated as internal networks from the perspective of protecting the confidentiality and integrity of information traversing the network. Organizations can satisfy the identification and authentication requirements in this control by complying with the requirements in Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 consistent with the specific organizational implementation plans. Multifactor authentication requires the use of two or more different factors to achieve authentication. The factors are defined as: (i) something you know (e.g., password, personal identification number [PIN]); (ii) something you have (e.g., cryptographic identification device, token); or (iii) something you are (e.g., biometric). Multifactor solutions that require devices separate from information systems gaining access include, for example, hardware tokens providing time-based or challenge-response authenticators and smart cards such as the U.S. Government Personal Identity Verification card and the DoD common access card. In addition to identifying and authenticating users at the information system level (i.e., at logon), organizations also employ identification and authentication mechanisms at the application level, when necessary, to provide increased information security. Identification and authentication requirements for other than organizational users are described in IA-8. Related controls: AC-2, AC-3, AC-14, AC-17, AC-18, IA-4, IA-5, IA-8.
Objective
|
Determine if the information system uniquely identifies and authenticates organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of organizational users). |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Identification and authentication policy
procedures addressing user identification and authentication
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
list of information system accounts
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system operations responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with account management responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for uniquely identifying and authenticating users
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing identification and authentication capability
Control enhancements None
IA-3Device Identification and Authentication
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The information system uniquely identifies and authenticates [Assignment: organization-defined specific and/or types of devices] before establishing a connection.
Supplemental guidance
Organizational devices requiring unique device-to-device identification and authentication may be defined by type, by device, or by a combination of type/device. Information systems typically use either shared known information (e.g., Media Access Control [MAC] or Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol [TCP/IP] addresses) for device identification or organizational authentication solutions (e.g., IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol [EAP], Radius server with EAP-Transport Layer Security [TLS] authentication, Kerberos) to identify/authenticate devices on local and/or wide area networks. Organizations determine the required strength of authentication mechanisms by the security categories of information systems. Because of the challenges of applying this control on large scale, organizations are encouraged to only apply the control to those limited number (and type) of devices that truly need to support this capability. Related controls: AC-17, AC-18, AC-19, CA-3, IA-4, IA-5.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Identification and authentication policy
procedures addressing device identification and authentication
information system design documentation
list of devices requiring unique identification and authentication
device connection reports
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with operational responsibilities for device identification and authentication
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing device identification and authentication capability
Control enhancements None
References None
IA-4Identifier Management
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization manages information system identifiers by:
| a. |
Receiving authorization from [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to assign an individual, group, role, or device identifier; |
| b. |
Selecting an identifier that identifies an individual, group, role, or device; |
| c. |
Assigning the identifier to the intended individual, group, role, or device; |
| d. |
Preventing reuse of identifiers for [Assignment: organization-defined time period]; and |
| e. |
Disabling the identifier after [Assignment: organization-defined time period of inactivity]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Common device identifiers include, for example, media access control (MAC), Internet protocol (IP) addresses, or device-unique token identifiers. Management of individual identifiers is not applicable to shared information system accounts (e.g., guest and anonymous accounts). Typically, individual identifiers are the user names of the information system accounts assigned to those individuals. In such instances, the account management activities of AC-2 use account names provided by IA-4. This control also addresses individual identifiers not necessarily associated with information system accounts (e.g., identifiers used in physical security control databases accessed by badge reader systems for access to information systems). Preventing reuse of identifiers implies preventing the assignment of previously used individual, group, role, or device identifiers to different individuals, groups, roles, or devices. Related controls: AC-2, IA-2, IA-3, IA-5, IA-8, SC-37.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization manages information system identifiers by:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Identification and authentication policy
procedures addressing identifier management
procedures addressing account management
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of information system accounts
list of identifiers generated from physical access control devices
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with identifier management responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing identifier management
Control enhancements None
IA-5Authenticator Management
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization manages information system authenticators by:
| a. |
Verifying, as part of the initial authenticator distribution, the identity of the individual, group, role, or device receiving the authenticator; |
| b. |
Establishing initial authenticator content for authenticators defined by the organization; |
| c. |
Ensuring that authenticators have sufficient strength of mechanism for their intended use; |
| d. |
Establishing and implementing administrative procedures for initial authenticator distribution, for lost/compromised or damaged authenticators, and for revoking authenticators; |
| e. |
Changing default content of authenticators prior to information system installation; |
| f. |
Establishing minimum and maximum lifetime restrictions and reuse conditions for authenticators; |
| g. |
Changing/refreshing authenticators [Assignment: organization-defined time period by authenticator type]; |
| h. |
Protecting authenticator content from unauthorized disclosure and modification; |
| i. |
Requiring individuals to take, and having devices implement, specific security safeguards to protect authenticators; and |
| j. |
Changing authenticators for group/role accounts when membership to those accounts changes. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Individual authenticators include, for example, passwords, tokens, biometrics, PKI certificates, and key cards. Initial authenticator content is the actual content (e.g., the initial password) as opposed to requirements about authenticator content (e.g., minimum password length). In many cases, developers ship information system components with factory default authentication credentials to allow for initial installation and configuration. Default authentication credentials are often well known, easily discoverable, and present a significant security risk. The requirement to protect individual authenticators may be implemented via control PL-4 or PS-6 for authenticators in the possession of individuals and by controls AC-3, AC-6, and SC-28 for authenticators stored within organizational information systems (e.g., passwords stored in hashed or encrypted formats, files containing encrypted or hashed passwords accessible with administrator privileges). Information systems support individual authenticator management by organization-defined settings and restrictions for various authenticator characteristics including, for example, minimum password length, password composition, validation time window for time synchronous one-time tokens, and number of allowed rejections during the verification stage of biometric authentication. Specific actions that can be taken to safeguard authenticators include, for example, maintaining possession of individual authenticators, not loaning or sharing individual authenticators with others, and reporting lost, stolen, or compromised authenticators immediately. Authenticator management includes issuing and revoking, when no longer needed, authenticators for temporary access such as that required for remote maintenance. Device authenticators include, for example, certificates and passwords. Related controls: AC-2, AC-3, AC-6, CM-6, IA-2, IA-4, IA-8, PL-4, PS-5, PS-6, SC-12, SC-13, SC-17, SC-28.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization manages information system authenticators by:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Identification and authentication policy
procedures addressing authenticator management
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of information system authenticator types
change control records associated with managing information system authenticators
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with authenticator management responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing authenticator management capability
Control enhancements None
IA-6Authenticator Feedback
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP2
Control: The information system obscures feedback of authentication information during the authentication process to protect the information from possible exploitation/use by unauthorized individuals.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
The feedback from information systems does not provide information that would allow unauthorized individuals to compromise authentication mechanisms. For some types of information systems or system components, for example, desktops/notebooks with relatively large monitors, the threat (often referred to as shoulder surfing) may be significant. For other types of systems or components, for example, mobile devices with 2-4 inch screens, this threat may be less significant, and may need to be balanced against the increased likelihood of typographic input errors due to the small keyboards. Therefore, the means for obscuring the authenticator feedback is selected accordingly. Obscuring the feedback of authentication information includes, for example, displaying asterisks when users type passwords into input devices, or displaying feedback for a very limited time before fully obscuring it. Related control: PE-18.
Objective
|
Determine if the information system obscures feedback of authentication information during the authentication process to protect the information from possible exploitation/use by unauthorized individuals. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Identification and authentication policy
procedures addressing authenticator feedback
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the obscuring of feedback of authentication information during authentication
Control enhancements None
References None
IA-7Cryptographic Module Authentication
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system implements mechanisms for authentication to a cryptographic module that meet the requirements of applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance for such authentication.
itemState Implementation
|
Objective
|
Determine if the information system implements mechanisms for authentication to a cryptographic module that meet the requirements of applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance for such authentication. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Identification and authentication policy
procedures addressing cryptographic module authentication
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for cryptographic module authentication
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing cryptographic module authentication
Control enhancements None
IA-8Identification and Authentication (non-organizational Users)
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system uniquely identifies and authenticates non-organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of non-organizational users).
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Non-organizational users include information system users other than organizational users explicitly covered by IA-2. These individuals are uniquely identified and authenticated for accesses other than those accesses explicitly identified and documented in AC-14. In accordance with the E-Authentication E-Government initiative, authentication of non-organizational users accessing federal information systems may be required to protect federal, proprietary, or privacy-related information (with exceptions noted for national security systems). Organizations use risk assessments to determine authentication needs and consider scalability, practicality, and security in balancing the need to ensure ease of use for access to federal information and information systems with the need to protect and adequately mitigate risk. IA-2 addresses identification and authentication requirements for access to information systems by organizational users. Related controls: AC-2, AC-14, AC-17, AC-18, IA-2, IA-4, IA-5, MA-4, RA-3, SA-12, SC-8.
Objective
|
Determine if the information system uniquely identifies and authenticates non-organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of non-organizational users). |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Identification and authentication policy
procedures addressing user identification and authentication
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
list of information system accounts
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system operations responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with account management responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing identification and authentication capability
Control enhancements None
IA-9Service Identification and Authentication
Control: The organization identifies and authenticates [Assignment: organization-defined information system services] using [Assignment: organization-defined security safeguards].
Supplemental guidance
This control supports service-oriented architectures and other distributed architectural approaches requiring the identification and authentication of information system services. In such architectures, external services often appear dynamically. Therefore, information systems should be able to determine in a dynamic manner, if external providers and associated services are authentic. Safeguards implemented by organizational information systems to validate provider and service authenticity include, for example, information or code signing, provenance graphs, and/or electronic signatures indicating or including the sources of services.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Identification and authentication policy
procedures addressing service identification and authentication
security plan
information system design documentation
security safeguards used to identify and authenticate information system services
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system operations responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
organizational personnel with identification and authentication responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Security safeguards implementing service identification and authentication capability
Control enhancements None
References None
IA-10Adaptive Identification and Authentication
Control: The organization requires that individuals accessing the information system employ [Assignment: organization-defined supplemental authentication techniques or mechanisms] under specific [Assignment: organization-defined circumstances or situations].
Supplemental guidance
Adversaries may compromise individual authentication mechanisms and subsequently attempt to impersonate legitimate users. This situation can potentially occur with any authentication mechanisms employed by organizations. To address this threat, organizations may employ specific techniques/mechanisms and establish protocols to assess suspicious behavior (e.g., individuals accessing information that they do not typically access as part of their normal duties, roles, or responsibilities, accessing greater quantities of information than the individuals would routinely access, or attempting to access information from suspicious network addresses). In these situations when certain preestablished conditions or triggers occur, organizations can require selected individuals to provide additional authentication information. Another potential use for adaptive identification and authentication is to increase the strength of mechanism based on the number and/or types of records being accessed. Related controls: AU-6, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Identification and authentication policy
procedures addressing adaptive/ supplemental identification and authentication techniques or mechanisms
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
supplemental identification and authentication techniques or mechanisms
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system operations responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
organizational personnel with identification and authentication responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing identification and authentication capability
Control enhancements None
References None
IA-11Re-authentication
Control: The organization requires users and devices to re-authenticate when [Assignment: organization-defined circumstances or situations requiring re-authentication].
Supplemental guidance
In addition to the re-authentication requirements associated with session locks, organizations may require re-authentication of individuals and/or devices in other situations including, for example: (i) when authenticators change; (ii), when roles change; (iii) when security categories of information systems change; (iv), when the execution of privileged functions occurs; (v) after a fixed period of time; or (vi) periodically. Related control: AC-11.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Identification and authentication policy
procedures addressing user and device re-authentication
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of circumstances or situations requiring re-authentication
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system operations responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developers
organizational personnel with identification and authentication responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing identification and authentication capability
Control enhancements None
References None
Incident Response - 10 controls
IR-1Incident Response Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the IR family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Incident response policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with incident response responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
IR-2Incident Response Training
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization provides incident response training to information system users consistent with assigned roles and responsibilities:
| a. |
Within [Assignment: organization-defined time period] of assuming an incident response role or responsibility; |
| b. |
When required by information system changes; and |
| c. |
[Assignment: organization-defined frequency] thereafter. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Incident response training provided by organizations is linked to the assigned roles and responsibilities of organizational personnel to ensure the appropriate content and level of detail is included in such training. For example, regular users may only need to know who to call or how to recognize an incident on the information system; system administrators may require additional training on how to handle/remediate incidents; and incident responders may receive more specific training on forensics, reporting, system recovery, and restoration. Incident response training includes user training in the identification and reporting of suspicious activities, both from external and internal sources. Related controls: AT-3, CP-3, IR-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Incident response policy
procedures addressing incident response training
incident response training curriculum
incident response training materials
security plan
incident response plan
security plan
incident response training records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with incident response training and operational responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
IR-3Incident Response Testing
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The organization tests the incident response capability for the information system [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] using [Assignment: organization-defined tests] to determine the incident response effectiveness and documents the results.
Supplemental guidance
Organizations test incident response capabilities to determine the overall effectiveness of the capabilities and to identify potential weaknesses or deficiencies. Incident response testing includes, for example, the use of checklists, walk-through or tabletop exercises, simulations (parallel/full interrupt), and comprehensive exercises. Incident response testing can also include a determination of the effects on organizational operations (e.g., reduction in mission capabilities), organizational assets, and individuals due to incident response. Related controls: CP-4, IR-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Incident response policy
contingency planning policy
procedures addressing incident response testing
procedures addressing contingency plan testing
incident response testing material
incident response test results
incident response test plan
incident response plan
contingency plan
security plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with incident response testing responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
IR-4Incident Handling
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Implements an incident handling capability for security incidents that includes preparation, detection and analysis, containment, eradication, and recovery; |
| b. |
Coordinates incident handling activities with contingency planning activities; and |
| c. |
Incorporates lessons learned from ongoing incident handling activities into incident response procedures, training, and testing, and implements the resulting changes accordingly. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizations recognize that incident response capability is dependent on the capabilities of organizational information systems and the mission/business processes being supported by those systems. Therefore, organizations consider incident response as part of the definition, design, and development of mission/business processes and information systems. Incident-related information can be obtained from a variety of sources including, for example, audit monitoring, network monitoring, physical access monitoring, user/administrator reports, and reported supply chain events. Effective incident handling capability includes coordination among many organizational entities including, for example, mission/business owners, information system owners, authorizing officials, human resources offices, physical and personnel security offices, legal departments, operations personnel, procurement offices, and the risk executive (function). Related controls: AU-6, CM-6, CP-2, CP-4, IR-2, IR-3, IR-8, PE-6, SC-5, SC-7, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Incident response policy
contingency planning policy
procedures addressing incident handling
incident response plan
contingency plan
security plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with incident handling responsibilities
organizational personnel with contingency planning responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Incident handling capability for the organization
Control enhancements None
IR-5Incident Monitoring
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization tracks and documents information system security incidents.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Documenting information system security incidents includes, for example, maintaining records about each incident, the status of the incident, and other pertinent information necessary for forensics, evaluating incident details, trends, and handling. Incident information can be obtained from a variety of sources including, for example, incident reports, incident response teams, audit monitoring, network monitoring, physical access monitoring, and user/administrator reports. Related controls: AU-6, IR-8, PE-6, SC-5, SC-7, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Incident response policy
procedures addressing incident monitoring
incident response records and documentation
incident response plan
security plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with incident monitoring responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Incident monitoring capability for the organization
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing tracking and documenting of system security incidents
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
IR-6Incident Reporting
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Requires personnel to report suspected security incidents to the organizational incident response capability within [Assignment: organization-defined time period]; and |
| b. |
Reports security incident information to [Assignment: organization-defined authorities]. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
The intent of this control is to address both specific incident reporting requirements within an organization and the formal incident reporting requirements for federal agencies and their subordinate organizations. Suspected security incidents include, for example, the receipt of suspicious email communications that can potentially contain malicious code. The types of security incidents reported, the content and timeliness of the reports, and the designated reporting authorities reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Current federal policy requires that all federal agencies (unless specifically exempted from such requirements) report security incidents to the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) within specified time frames designated in the US-CERT Concept of Operations for Federal Cyber Security Incident Handling. Related controls: IR-4, IR-5, IR-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Incident response policy
procedures addressing incident reporting
incident reporting records and documentation
incident response plan
security plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with incident reporting responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
personnel who have/should have reported incidents
personnel (authorities) to whom incident information is to be reported
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for incident reporting
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing incident reporting
Control enhancements None
IR-7Incident Response Assistance
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization provides an incident response support resource, integral to the organizational incident response capability that offers advice and assistance to users of the information system for the handling and reporting of security incidents.
itemState Implementation
|
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization provides an incident response support resource:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Incident response policy
procedures addressing incident response assistance
incident response plan
security plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with incident response assistance and support responsibilities
organizational personnel with access to incident response support and assistance capability
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for incident response assistance
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing incident response assistance
Control enhancements None
References None
IR-8Incident Response Plan
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops an incident response plan that:
|
| b. |
Distributes copies of the incident response plan to [Assignment: organization-defined incident response personnel (identified by name and/or by role) and organizational elements]; |
| c. |
Reviews the incident response plan [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]; |
| d. |
Updates the incident response plan to address system/organizational changes or problems encountered during plan implementation, execution, or testing; |
| e. |
Communicates incident response plan changes to [Assignment: organization-defined incident response personnel (identified by name and/or by role) and organizational elements]; and |
| f. |
Protects the incident response plan from unauthorized disclosure and modification. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
It is important that organizations develop and implement a coordinated approach to incident response. Organizational missions, business functions, strategies, goals, and objectives for incident response help to determine the structure of incident response capabilities. As part of a comprehensive incident response capability, organizations consider the coordination and sharing of information with external organizations, including, for example, external service providers and organizations involved in the supply chain for organizational information systems. Related controls: MP-2, MP-4, MP-5.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Incident response policy
procedures addressing incident response planning
incident response plan
records of incident response plan reviews and approvals
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with incident response planning responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational incident response plan and related organizational processes
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
IR-9Information Spillage Response
Control: The organization responds to information spills by:
| a. |
Identifying the specific information involved in the information system contamination; |
| b. |
Alerting [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] of the information spill using a method of communication not associated with the spill; |
| c. |
Isolating the contaminated information system or system component; |
| d. |
Eradicating the information from the contaminated information system or component; |
| e. |
Identifying other information systems or system components that may have been subsequently contaminated; and |
| f. |
Performing other [Assignment: organization-defined actions]. |
Supplemental guidance
Information spillage refers to instances where either classified or sensitive information is inadvertently placed on information systems that are not authorized to process such information. Such information spills often occur when information that is initially thought to be of lower sensitivity is transmitted to an information system and then is subsequently determined to be of higher sensitivity. At that point, corrective action is required. The nature of the organizational response is generally based upon the degree of sensitivity of the spilled information (e.g., security category or classification level), the security capabilities of the information system, the specific nature of contaminated storage media, and the access authorizations (e.g., security clearances) of individuals with authorized access to the contaminated system. The methods used to communicate information about the spill after the fact do not involve methods directly associated with the actual spill to minimize the risk of further spreading the contamination before such contamination is isolated and eradicated.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Incident response policy
procedures addressing information spillage
incident response plan
records of information spillage alerts/notifications, list of personnel who should receive alerts of information spillage
list of actions to be performed regarding information spillage
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with incident response responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for information spillage response
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing information spillage response actions and related communications
Control enhancements None
References None
IR-10Integrated Information Security Analysis Team
Control: The organization establishes an integrated team of forensic/malicious code analysts, tool developers, and real-time operations personnel.
Supplemental guidance
Having an integrated team for incident response facilitates information sharing. Such capability allows organizational personnel, including developers, implementers, and operators, to leverage the team knowledge of the threat in order to implement defensive measures that will enable organizations to deter intrusions more effectively. Moreover, it promotes the rapid detection of intrusions, development of appropriate mitigations, and the deployment of effective defensive measures. For example, when an intrusion is detected, the integrated security analysis team can rapidly develop an appropriate response for operators to implement, correlate the new incident with information on past intrusions, and augment ongoing intelligence development. This enables the team to identify adversary TTPs that are linked to the operations tempo or to specific missions/business functions, and to define responsive actions in a way that does not disrupt the mission/business operations. Ideally, information security analysis teams are distributed within organizations to make the capability more resilient.
Objective
|
Determine if the organization establishes an integrated team of forensic/malicious code analyst, tool developers, and real-time operations personnel. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Incident response policy
procedures addressing incident response planning and security analysis team integration
incident response plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with incident response and information security analysis responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel participating on integrated security analysis teams
Control enhancements None
References None
Maintenance - 6 controls
MA-1System Maintenance Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the MA family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Maintenance policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with maintenance responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
MA-2Controlled Maintenance
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Schedules, performs, documents, and reviews records of maintenance and repairs on information system components in accordance with manufacturer or vendor specifications and/or organizational requirements; |
| b. |
Approves and monitors all maintenance activities, whether performed on site or remotely and whether the equipment is serviced on site or removed to another location; |
| c. |
Requires that [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] explicitly approve the removal of the information system or system components from organizational facilities for off-site maintenance or repairs; |
| d. |
Sanitizes equipment to remove all information from associated media prior to removal from organizational facilities for off-site maintenance or repairs; |
| e. |
Checks all potentially impacted security controls to verify that the controls are still functioning properly following maintenance or repair actions; and |
| f. |
Includes [Assignment: organization-defined maintenance-related information] in organizational maintenance records. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the information security aspects of the information system maintenance program and applies to all types of maintenance to any system component (including applications) conducted by any local or nonlocal entity (e.g., in-contract, warranty, in-house, software maintenance agreement). System maintenance also includes those components not directly associated with information processing and/or data/information retention such as scanners, copiers, and printers. Information necessary for creating effective maintenance records includes, for example: (i) date and time of maintenance; (ii) name of individuals or group performing the maintenance; (iii) name of escort, if necessary; (iv) a description of the maintenance performed; and (v) information system components/equipment removed or replaced (including identification numbers, if applicable). The level of detail included in maintenance records can be informed by the security categories of organizational information systems. Organizations consider supply chain issues associated with replacement components for information systems. Related controls: CM-3, CM-4, MA-4, MP-6, PE-16, SA-12, SI-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system maintenance policy
procedures addressing controlled information system maintenance
maintenance records
manufacturer/vendor maintenance specifications
equipment sanitization records
media sanitization records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system maintenance responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for media sanitization
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for scheduling, performing, documenting, reviewing, approving, and monitoring maintenance and repairs for the information system
organizational processes for sanitizing information system components
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing controlled maintenance
automated mechanisms implementing sanitization of information system components
Control enhancements None
References None
MA-3Maintenance Tools
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP3
Control: The organization approves, controls, and monitors information system maintenance tools.
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses security-related issues associated with maintenance tools used specifically for diagnostic and repair actions on organizational information systems. Maintenance tools can include hardware, software, and firmware items. Maintenance tools are potential vehicles for transporting malicious code, either intentionally or unintentionally, into a facility and subsequently into organizational information systems. Maintenance tools can include, for example, hardware/software diagnostic test equipment and hardware/software packet sniffers. This control does not cover hardware/software components that may support information system maintenance, yet are a part of the system, for example, the software implementing “ping,” “ls,” “ipconfig, or the hardware and software implementing the monitoring port of an Ethernet switch. Related controls: MA-2, MA-5, MP-6.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system maintenance policy
procedures addressing information system maintenance tools
information system maintenance tools and associated documentation
maintenance records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system maintenance responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for approving, controlling, and monitoring maintenance tools
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing approval, control, and/or monitoring of maintenance tools
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
MA-4Nonlocal Maintenance
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Approves and monitors nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities; |
| b. |
Allows the use of nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic tools only as consistent with organizational policy and documented in the security plan for the information system; |
| c. |
Employs strong authenticators in the establishment of nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic sessions; |
| d. |
Maintains records for nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities; and |
| e. |
Terminates session and network connections when nonlocal maintenance is completed. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities conducted by individuals communicating through a network, either an external network (e.g., the Internet) or an internal network. Local maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities carried out by individuals physically present at the information system or information system component and not communicating across a network connection. Authentication techniques used in the establishment of nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic sessions reflect the network access requirements in IA-2. Typically, strong authentication requires authenticators that are resistant to replay attacks and employ multifactor authentication. Strong authenticators include, for example, PKI where certificates are stored on a token protected by a password, passphrase, or biometric. Enforcing requirements in MA-4 is accomplished in part by other controls. Related controls: AC-2, AC-3, AC-6, AC-17, AU-2, AU-3, IA-2, IA-4, IA-5, IA-8, MA-2, MA-5, MP-6, PL-2, SC-7, SC-10, SC-17.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system maintenance policy
procedures addressing nonlocal information system maintenance
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
maintenance records
diagnostic records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system maintenance responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for managing nonlocal maintenance
automated mechanisms implementing, supporting, and/or managing nonlocal maintenance
automated mechanisms for strong authentication of nonlocal maintenance diagnostic sessions
automated mechanisms for terminating nonlocal maintenance sessions and network connections
Control enhancements None
MA-5Maintenance Personnel
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes a process for maintenance personnel authorization and maintains a list of authorized maintenance organizations or personnel; |
| b. |
Ensures that non-escorted personnel performing maintenance on the information system have required access authorizations; and |
| c. |
Designates organizational personnel with required access authorizations and technical competence to supervise the maintenance activities of personnel who do not possess the required access authorizations. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to individuals performing hardware or software maintenance on organizational information systems, while PE-2 addresses physical access for individuals whose maintenance duties place them within the physical protection perimeter of the systems (e.g., custodial staff, physical plant maintenance personnel). Technical competence of supervising individuals relates to the maintenance performed on the information systems while having required access authorizations refers to maintenance on and near the systems. Individuals not previously identified as authorized maintenance personnel, such as information technology manufacturers, vendors, systems integrators, and consultants, may require privileged access to organizational information systems, for example, when required to conduct maintenance activities with little or no notice. Based on organizational assessments of risk, organizations may issue temporary credentials to these individuals. Temporary credentials may be for one-time use or for very limited time periods. Related controls: AC-2, IA-8, MP-2, PE-2, PE-3, PE-4, RA-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system maintenance policy
procedures addressing maintenance personnel
service provider contracts
service-level agreements
list of authorized personnel
maintenance records
access control records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system maintenance responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for authorizing and managing maintenance personnel
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing authorization of maintenance personnel
Control enhancements None
References None
MA-6Timely Maintenance
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The organization obtains maintenance support and/or spare parts for [Assignment: organization-defined information system components] within [Assignment: organization-defined time period] of failure.
Supplemental guidance
Organizations specify the information system components that result in increased risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, or the Nation when the functionality provided by those components is not operational. Organizational actions to obtain maintenance support typically include having appropriate contracts in place. Related controls: CM-8, CP-2, CP-7, SA-14, SA-15.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system maintenance policy
procedures addressing information system maintenance
service provider contracts
service-level agreements
inventory and availability of spare parts
security plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system maintenance responsibilities
organizational personnel with acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for ensuring timely maintenance
Control enhancements None
References None
Media Protection - 8 controls
MP-1Media Protection Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the MP family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Media protection policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with media protection responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
MP-2Media Access
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization restricts access to [Assignment: organization-defined types of digital and/or non-digital media] to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles].
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information system media includes both digital and non-digital media. Digital media includes, for example, diskettes, magnetic tapes, external/removable hard disk drives, flash drives, compact disks, and digital video disks. Non-digital media includes, for example, paper and microfilm. Restricting non-digital media access includes, for example, denying access to patient medical records in a community hospital unless the individuals seeking access to such records are authorized healthcare providers. Restricting access to digital media includes, for example, limiting access to design specifications stored on compact disks in the media library to the project leader and the individuals on the development team. Related controls: AC-3, IA-2, MP-4, PE-2, PE-3, PL-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system media protection policy
procedures addressing media access restrictions
access control policy and procedures
physical and environmental protection policy and procedures
media storage facilities
access control records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system media protection responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for restricting information media
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing media access restrictions
Control enhancements None
MP-3Media Marking
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Marks information system media indicating the distribution limitations, handling caveats, and applicable security markings (if any) of the information; and |
| b. |
Exempts [Assignment: organization-defined types of information system media] from marking as long as the media remain within [Assignment: organization-defined controlled areas]. |
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
The term security marking refers to the application/use of human-readable security attributes. The term security labeling refers to the application/use of security attributes with regard to internal data structures within information systems (see AC-16). Information system media includes both digital and non-digital media. Digital media includes, for example, diskettes, magnetic tapes, external/removable hard disk drives, flash drives, compact disks, and digital video disks. Non-digital media includes, for example, paper and microfilm. Security marking is generally not required for media containing information determined by organizations to be in the public domain or to be publicly releasable. However, some organizations may require markings for public information indicating that the information is publicly releasable. Marking of information system media reflects applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. Related controls: AC-16, PL-2, RA-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system media protection policy
procedures addressing media marking
physical and environmental protection policy and procedures
security plan
list of information system media marking security attributes
designated controlled areas
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system media protection and marking responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for marking information media
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing media marking
Control enhancements None
MP-4Media Storage
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Physically controls and securely stores [Assignment: organization-defined types of digital and/or non-digital media] within [Assignment: organization-defined controlled areas]; and |
| b. |
Protects information system media until the media are destroyed or sanitized using approved equipment, techniques, and procedures. |
Supplemental guidance
Information system media includes both digital and non-digital media. Digital media includes, for example, diskettes, magnetic tapes, external/removable hard disk drives, flash drives, compact disks, and digital video disks. Non-digital media includes, for example, paper and microfilm. Physically controlling information system media includes, for example, conducting inventories, ensuring procedures are in place to allow individuals to check out and return media to the media library, and maintaining accountability for all stored media. Secure storage includes, for example, a locked drawer, desk, or cabinet, or a controlled media library. The type of media storage is commensurate with the security category and/or classification of the information residing on the media. Controlled areas are areas for which organizations provide sufficient physical and procedural safeguards to meet the requirements established for protecting information and/or information systems. For media containing information determined by organizations to be in the public domain, to be publicly releasable, or to have limited or no adverse impact on organizations or individuals if accessed by other than authorized personnel, fewer safeguards may be needed. In these situations, physical access controls provide adequate protection. Related controls: CP-6, CP-9, MP-2, MP-7, PE-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system media protection policy
procedures addressing media storage
physical and environmental protection policy and procedures
access control policy and procedures
security plan
information system media
designated controlled areas
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system media protection and storage responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for storing information media
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing secure media storage/media protection
Control enhancements None
MP-5Media Transport
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Protects and controls [Assignment: organization-defined types of information system media] during transport outside of controlled areas using [Assignment: organization-defined security safeguards]; |
| b. |
Maintains accountability for information system media during transport outside of controlled areas; |
| c. |
Documents activities associated with the transport of information system media; and |
| d. |
Restricts the activities associated with the transport of information system media to authorized personnel. |
Supplemental guidance
Information system media includes both digital and non-digital media. Digital media includes, for example, diskettes, magnetic tapes, external/removable hard disk drives, flash drives, compact disks, and digital video disks. Non-digital media includes, for example, paper and microfilm. This control also applies to mobile devices with information storage capability (e.g., smart phones, tablets, E-readers), that are transported outside of controlled areas. Controlled areas are areas or spaces for which organizations provide sufficient physical and/or procedural safeguards to meet the requirements established for protecting information and/or information systems. Physical and technical safeguards for media are commensurate with the security category or classification of the information residing on the media. Safeguards to protect media during transport include, for example, locked containers and cryptography. Cryptographic mechanisms can provide confidentiality and integrity protections depending upon the mechanisms used. Activities associated with transport include the actual transport as well as those activities such as releasing media for transport and ensuring that media enters the appropriate transport processes. For the actual transport, authorized transport and courier personnel may include individuals from outside the organization (e.g., U.S. Postal Service or a commercial transport or delivery service). Maintaining accountability of media during transport includes, for example, restricting transport activities to authorized personnel, and tracking and/or obtaining explicit records of transport activities as the media moves through the transportation system to prevent and detect loss, destruction, or tampering. Organizations establish documentation requirements for activities associated with the transport of information system media in accordance with organizational assessments of risk to include the flexibility to define different record-keeping methods for the different types of media transport as part of an overall system of transport-related records. Related controls: AC-19, CP-9, MP-3, MP-4, RA-3, SC-8, SC-13, SC-28.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system media protection policy
procedures addressing media storage
physical and environmental protection policy and procedures
access control policy and procedures
security plan
information system media
designated controlled areas
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system media protection and storage responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for storing information media
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing media storage/media protection
Control enhancements None
MP-6Media Sanitization
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Sanitizes [Assignment: organization-defined information system media] prior to disposal, release out of organizational control, or release for reuse using [Assignment: organization-defined sanitization techniques and procedures] in accordance with applicable federal and organizational standards and policies; and |
| b. |
Employs sanitization mechanisms with the strength and integrity commensurate with the security category or classification of the information. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to all information system media, both digital and non-digital, subject to disposal or reuse, whether or not the media is considered removable. Examples include media found in scanners, copiers, printers, notebook computers, workstations, network components, and mobile devices. The sanitization process removes information from the media such that the information cannot be retrieved or reconstructed. Sanitization techniques, including clearing, purging, cryptographic erase, and destruction, prevent the disclosure of information to unauthorized individuals when such media is reused or released for disposal. Organizations determine the appropriate sanitization methods recognizing that destruction is sometimes necessary when other methods cannot be applied to media requiring sanitization. Organizations use discretion on the employment of approved sanitization techniques and procedures for media containing information deemed to be in the public domain or publicly releasable, or deemed to have no adverse impact on organizations or individuals if released for reuse or disposal. Sanitization of non-digital media includes, for example, removing a classified appendix from an otherwise unclassified document, or redacting selected sections or words from a document by obscuring the redacted sections/words in a manner equivalent in effectiveness to removing them from the document. NSA standards and policies control the sanitization process for media containing classified information. Related controls: MA-2, MA-4, RA-3, SC-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system media protection policy
procedures addressing media sanitization and disposal
applicable federal standards and policies addressing media sanitization
media sanitization records
audit records
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with media sanitization responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for media sanitization
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing media sanitization
Control enhancements None
MP-7Media Use
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization the use of [Assignment: organization-defined types of information system media] on [Assignment: organization-defined information systems or system components] using [Assignment: organization-defined security safeguards].
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information system media includes both digital and non-digital media. Digital media includes, for example, diskettes, magnetic tapes, external/removable hard disk drives, flash drives, compact disks, and digital video disks. Non-digital media includes, for example, paper and microfilm. This control also applies to mobile devices with information storage capability (e.g., smart phones, tablets, E-readers). In contrast to MP-2, which restricts user access to media, this control restricts the use of certain types of media on information systems, for example, restricting/prohibiting the use of flash drives or external hard disk drives. Organizations can employ technical and nontechnical safeguards (e.g., policies, procedures, rules of behavior) to restrict the use of information system media. Organizations may restrict the use of portable storage devices, for example, by using physical cages on workstations to prohibit access to certain external ports, or disabling/removing the ability to insert, read or write to such devices. Organizations may also limit the use of portable storage devices to only approved devices including, for example, devices provided by the organization, devices provided by other approved organizations, and devices that are not personally owned. Finally, organizations may restrict the use of portable storage devices based on the type of device, for example, prohibiting the use of writeable, portable storage devices, and implementing this restriction by disabling or removing the capability to write to such devices. Related controls: AC-19, PL-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system media protection policy
system use policy
procedures addressing media usage restrictions
security plan
rules of behavior
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system media use responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for media use
automated mechanisms restricting or prohibiting use of information system media on information systems or system components
Control enhancements None
MP-8Media Downgrading
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes [Assignment: organization-defined information system media downgrading process] that includes employing downgrading mechanisms with [Assignment: organization-defined strength and integrity]; |
| b. |
Ensures that the information system media downgrading process is commensurate with the security category and/or classification level of the information to be removed and the access authorizations of the potential recipients of the downgraded information; |
| c. |
Identifies [Assignment: organization-defined information system media requiring downgrading]; and |
| d. |
Downgrades the identified information system media using the established process. |
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to all information system media, digital and non-digital, subject to release outside of the organization, whether or not the media is considered removable. The downgrading process, when applied to system media, removes information from the media, typically by security category or classification level, such that the information cannot be retrieved or reconstructed. Downgrading of media includes redacting information to enable wider release and distribution. Downgrading of media also ensures that empty space on the media (e.g., slack space within files) is devoid of information.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system media protection policy
procedures addressing media downgrading
system categorization documentation
list of media requiring downgrading
records of media downgrading
audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information system media downgrading responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for media downgrading
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing media downgrading
Control enhancements None
References None
Physical and Environmental Protection - 19 controls
PE-1Physical and Environmental Protection Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the PE family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with physical and environmental protection responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
PE-2Physical Access Authorizations
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, approves, and maintains a list of individuals with authorized access to the facility where the information system resides; |
| b. |
Issues authorization credentials for facility access; |
| c. |
Reviews the access list detailing authorized facility access by individuals [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]; and |
| d. |
Removes individuals from the facility access list when access is no longer required. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to organizational employees and visitors. Individuals (e.g., employees, contractors, and others) with permanent physical access authorization credentials are not considered visitors. Authorization credentials include, for example, badges, identification cards, and smart cards. Organizations determine the strength of authorization credentials needed (including level of forge-proof badges, smart cards, or identification cards) consistent with federal standards, policies, and procedures. This control only applies to areas within facilities that have not been designated as publicly accessible. Related controls: PE-3, PE-4, PS-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing physical access authorizations
security plan
authorized personnel access list
authorization credentials
physical access list reviews
physical access termination records and associated documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with physical access authorization responsibilities
organizational personnel with physical access to information system facility
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for physical access authorizations
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing physical access authorizations
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-3Physical Access Control
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Enforces physical access authorizations at [Assignment: organization-defined entry/exit points to the facility where the information system resides] by;
|
| b. |
Maintains physical access audit logs for [Assignment: organization-defined entry/exit points]; |
| c. |
Provides [Assignment: organization-defined security safeguards] to control access to areas within the facility officially designated as publicly accessible; |
| d. |
Escorts visitors and monitors visitor activity [Assignment: organization-defined circumstances requiring visitor escorts and monitoring]; |
| e. |
Secures keys, combinations, and other physical access devices; |
| f. |
Inventories [Assignment: organization-defined physical access devices] every [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]; and |
| g. |
Changes combinations and keys [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] and/or when keys are lost, combinations are compromised, or individuals are transferred or terminated. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to organizational employees and visitors. Individuals (e.g., employees, contractors, and others) with permanent physical access authorization credentials are not considered visitors. Organizations determine the types of facility guards needed including, for example, professional physical security staff or other personnel such as administrative staff or information system users. Physical access devices include, for example, keys, locks, combinations, and card readers. Safeguards for publicly accessible areas within organizational facilities include, for example, cameras, monitoring by guards, and isolating selected information systems and/or system components in secured areas. Physical access control systems comply with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. The Federal Identity, Credential, and Access Management Program provides implementation guidance for identity, credential, and access management capabilities for physical access control systems. Organizations have flexibility in the types of audit logs employed. Audit logs can be procedural (e.g., a written log of individuals accessing the facility and when such access occurred), automated (e.g., capturing ID provided by a PIV card), or some combination thereof. Physical access points can include facility access points, interior access points to information systems and/or components requiring supplemental access controls, or both. Components of organizational information systems (e.g., workstations, terminals) may be located in areas designated as publicly accessible with organizations safeguarding access to such devices. Related controls: AU-2, AU-6, MP-2, MP-4, PE-2, PE-4, PE-5, PS-3, RA-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing physical access control
security plan
physical access control logs or records
inventory records of physical access control devices
information system entry and exit points
records of key and lock combination changes
storage locations for physical access control devices
physical access control devices
list of security safeguards controlling access to designated publicly accessible areas within facility
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with physical access control responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for physical access control
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing physical access control
physical access control devices
Control enhancements None
PE-4Access Control for Transmission Medium
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization controls physical access to [Assignment: organization-defined information system distribution and transmission lines] within organizational facilities using [Assignment: organization-defined security safeguards].
Supplemental guidance
Physical security safeguards applied to information system distribution and transmission lines help to prevent accidental damage, disruption, and physical tampering. In addition, physical safeguards may be necessary to help prevent eavesdropping or in transit modification of unencrypted transmissions. Security safeguards to control physical access to system distribution and transmission lines include, for example: (i) locked wiring closets; (ii) disconnected or locked spare jacks; and/or (iii) protection of cabling by conduit or cable trays. Related controls: MP-2, MP-4, PE-2, PE-3, PE-5, SC-7, SC-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing access control for transmission medium
information system design documentation
facility communications and wiring diagrams
list of physical security safeguards applied to information system distribution and transmission lines
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with physical access control responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for access control to distribution and transmission lines
automated mechanisms/security safeguards supporting and/or implementing access control to distribution and transmission lines
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
PE-5Access Control for Output Devices
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The organization controls physical access to information system output devices to prevent unauthorized individuals from obtaining the output.
Supplemental guidance
Controlling physical access to output devices includes, for example, placing output devices in locked rooms or other secured areas and allowing access to authorized individuals only, and placing output devices in locations that can be monitored by organizational personnel. Monitors, printers, copiers, scanners, facsimile machines, and audio devices are examples of information system output devices. Related controls: PE-2, PE-3, PE-4, PE-18.
Objective
|
Determine if the organization controls physical access to information system output devices to prevent unauthorized individuals from obtaining the output. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing access control for display medium
facility layout of information system components
actual displays from information system components
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with physical access control responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for access control to output devices
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing access control to output devices
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-6Monitoring Physical Access
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Monitors physical access to the facility where the information system resides to detect and respond to physical security incidents; |
| b. |
Reviews physical access logs [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] and upon occurrence of [Assignment: organization-defined events or potential indications of events]; and |
| c. |
Coordinates results of reviews and investigations with the organizational incident response capability. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizational incident response capabilities include investigations of and responses to detected physical security incidents. Security incidents include, for example, apparent security violations or suspicious physical access activities. Suspicious physical access activities include, for example: (i) accesses outside of normal work hours; (ii) repeated accesses to areas not normally accessed; (iii) accesses for unusual lengths of time; and (iv) out-of-sequence accesses. Related controls: CA-7, IR-4, IR-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing physical access monitoring
security plan
physical access logs or records
physical access monitoring records
physical access log reviews
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with physical access monitoring responsibilities
organizational personnel with incident response responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for monitoring physical access
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing physical access monitoring
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing reviewing of physical access logs
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-8Visitor Access Records
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP3
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Maintains visitor access records to the facility where the information system resides for [Assignment: organization-defined time period]; and |
| b. |
Reviews visitor access records [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Visitor access records include, for example, names and organizations of persons visiting, visitor signatures, forms of identification, dates of access, entry and departure times, purposes of visits, and names and organizations of persons visited. Visitor access records are not required for publicly accessible areas.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing visitor access records
security plan
visitor access control logs or records
visitor access record or log reviews
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with visitor access records responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for maintaining and reviewing visitor access records
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing maintenance and review of visitor access records
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-9Power Equipment and Cabling
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization protects power equipment and power cabling for the information system from damage and destruction.
Supplemental guidance
Organizations determine the types of protection necessary for power equipment and cabling employed at different locations both internal and external to organizational facilities and environments of operation. This includes, for example, generators and power cabling outside of buildings, internal cabling and uninterruptable power sources within an office or data center, and power sources for self-contained entities such as vehicles and satellites. Related control: PE-4.
Objective
|
Determine if the organization protects power equipment and power cabling for the information system from damage and destruction. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing power equipment/cabling protection
facilities housing power equipment/cabling
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for protecting power equipment/cabling
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing protection of power equipment/cabling
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-10Emergency Shutoff
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Provides the capability of shutting off power to the information system or individual system components in emergency situations; |
| b. |
Places emergency shutoff switches or devices in [Assignment: organization-defined location by information system or system component] to facilitate safe and easy access for personnel; and |
| c. |
Protects emergency power shutoff capability from unauthorized activation. |
Supplemental guidance
This control applies primarily to facilities containing concentrations of information system resources including, for example, data centers, server rooms, and mainframe computer rooms. Related control: PE-15.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing power source emergency shutoff
security plan
emergency shutoff controls or switches
locations housing emergency shutoff switches and devices
security safeguards protecting emergency power shutoff capability from unauthorized activation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for emergency power shutoff capability (both implementing and using the capability)
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing emergency power shutoff
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-11Emergency Power
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization provides a short-term uninterruptible power supply to facilitate in the event of a primary power source loss.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization provides a short-term uninterruptible power supply to facilitate one or more of the following in the event of a primary power source loss:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing emergency power
uninterruptible power supply
uninterruptible power supply documentation
uninterruptible power supply test records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for emergency power and/or planning
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing uninterruptible power supply
the uninterruptable power supply
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-12Emergency Lighting
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization employs and maintains automatic emergency lighting for the information system that activates in the event of a power outage or disruption and that covers emergency exits and evacuation routes within the facility.
itemState Implementation
|
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization employs and maintains automatic emergency lighting for the information system that:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing emergency lighting
emergency lighting documentation
emergency lighting test records
emergency exits and evacuation routes
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for emergency lighting and/or planning
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing emergency lighting capability
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-13Fire Protection
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization employs and maintains fire suppression and detection devices/systems for the information system that are supported by an independent energy source.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies primarily to facilities containing concentrations of information system resources including, for example, data centers, server rooms, and mainframe computer rooms. Fire suppression and detection devices/systems include, for example, sprinkler systems, handheld fire extinguishers, fixed fire hoses, and smoke detectors.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing fire protection
fire suppression and detection devices/systems
fire suppression and detection devices/systems documentation
test records of fire suppression and detection devices/systems
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for fire detection and suppression devices/systems
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing fire suppression/detection devices/systems
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-14Temperature and Humidity Controls
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Maintains temperature and humidity levels within the facility where the information system resides at [Assignment: organization-defined acceptable levels]; and |
| b. |
Monitors temperature and humidity levels [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies primarily to facilities containing concentrations of information system resources, for example, data centers, server rooms, and mainframe computer rooms. Related control: AT-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing temperature and humidity control
security plan
temperature and humidity controls
facility housing the information system
temperature and humidity controls documentation
temperature and humidity records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for information system environmental controls
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing maintenance and monitoring of temperature and humidity levels
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-15Water Damage Protection
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization protects the information system from damage resulting from water leakage by providing master shutoff or isolation valves that are accessible, working properly, and known to key personnel.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies primarily to facilities containing concentrations of information system resources including, for example, data centers, server rooms, and mainframe computer rooms. Isolation valves can be employed in addition to or in lieu of master shutoff valves to shut off water supplies in specific areas of concern, without affecting entire organizations. Related control: AT-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization protects the information system from damage resulting from water leakage by providing master shutoff or isolation valves that are:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing water damage protection
facility housing the information system
master shutoff valves
list of key personnel with knowledge of location and activation procedures for master shutoff valves for the plumbing system
master shutoff valve documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for information system environmental controls
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Master water-shutoff valves
organizational process for activating master water-shutoff
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-16Delivery and Removal
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization authorizes, monitors, and controls [Assignment: organization-defined types of information system components] entering and exiting the facility and maintains records of those items.
itemState Implementation
|
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing delivery and removal of information system components from the facility
security plan
facility housing the information system
records of items entering and exiting the facility
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for controlling information system components entering and exiting the facility
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational process for authorizing, monitoring, and controlling information system-related items entering and exiting the facility
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing authorizing, monitoring, and controlling information system-related items entering and exiting the facility
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-17Alternate Work Site
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Employs [Assignment: organization-defined security controls] at alternate work sites; |
| b. |
Assesses as feasible, the effectiveness of security controls at alternate work sites; and |
| c. |
Provides a means for employees to communicate with information security personnel in case of security incidents or problems. |
Supplemental guidance
Alternate work sites may include, for example, government facilities or private residences of employees. While commonly distinct from alternative processing sites, alternate work sites may provide readily available alternate locations as part of contingency operations. Organizations may define different sets of security controls for specific alternate work sites or types of sites depending on the work-related activities conducted at those sites. This control supports the contingency planning activities of organizations and the federal telework initiative. Related controls: AC-17, CP-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing alternate work sites for organizational personnel
security plan
list of security controls required for alternate work sites
assessments of security controls at alternate work sites
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel approving use of alternate work sites
organizational personnel using alternate work sites
organizational personnel assessing controls at alternate work sites
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for security at alternate work sites
automated mechanisms supporting alternate work sites
security controls employed at alternate work sites
means of communications between personnel at alternate work sites and security personnel
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
PE-18Location of Information System Components
baselineHIGH
priorityP3
Control: The organization positions information system components within the facility to minimize potential damage from [Assignment: organization-defined physical and environmental hazards] and to minimize the opportunity for unauthorized access.
Supplemental guidance
Physical and environmental hazards include, for example, flooding, fire, tornados, earthquakes, hurricanes, acts of terrorism, vandalism, electromagnetic pulse, electrical interference, and other forms of incoming electromagnetic radiation. In addition, organizations consider the location of physical entry points where unauthorized individuals, while not being granted access, might nonetheless be in close proximity to information systems and therefore increase the potential for unauthorized access to organizational communications (e.g., through the use of wireless sniffers or microphones). Related controls: CP-2, PE-19, RA-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing positioning of information system components
documentation providing the location and position of information system components within the facility
locations housing information system components within the facility
list of physical and environmental hazards with potential to damage information system components within the facility
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for positioning information system components
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for positioning information system components
Control enhancements None
References None
PE-19Information Leakage
Control: The organization protects the information system from information leakage due to electromagnetic signals emanations.
Supplemental guidance
Information leakage is the intentional or unintentional release of information to an untrusted environment from electromagnetic signals emanations. Security categories or classifications of information systems (with respect to confidentiality) and organizational security policies guide the selection of security controls employed to protect systems against information leakage due to electromagnetic signals emanations.
Objective
|
Determine if the organization protects the information system from information leakage due to electromagnetic signals emanations. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing information leakage due to electromagnetic signals emanations
mechanisms protecting the information system against electronic signals emanation
facility housing the information system
records from electromagnetic signals emanation tests
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibilities for information system environmental controls
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing protection from information leakage due to electromagnetic signals emanations
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
PE-20Asset Monitoring and Tracking
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Employs [Assignment: organization-defined asset location technologies] to track and monitor the location and movement of [Assignment: organization-defined assets] within [Assignment: organization-defined controlled areas]; and |
| b. |
Ensures that asset location technologies are employed in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. |
Supplemental guidance
Asset location technologies can help organizations ensure that critical assets such as vehicles or essential information system components remain in authorized locations. Organizations consult with the Office of the General Counsel and the Senior Agency Official for Privacy (SAOP)/Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) regarding the deployment and use of asset location technologies to address potential privacy concerns. Related control: CM-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Physical and environmental protection policy
procedures addressing asset monitoring and tracking
asset location technologies and associated configuration documentation
list of organizational assets requiring tracking and monitoring
asset monitoring and tracking records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with asset monitoring and tracking responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for tracking and monitoring assets
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing tracking and monitoring of assets
Control enhancements None
References None
Planning - 6 controls
PL-1Security Planning Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the PL family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Planning policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with planning responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
PL-2System Security Plan
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops a security plan for the information system that:
|
| b. |
Distributes copies of the security plan and communicates subsequent changes to the plan to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]; |
| c. |
Reviews the security plan for the information system [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]; |
| d. |
Updates the plan to address changes to the information system/environment of operation or problems identified during plan implementation or security control assessments; and |
| e. |
Protects the security plan from unauthorized disclosure and modification. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Security plans relate security requirements to a set of security controls and control enhancements. Security plans also describe, at a high level, how the security controls and control enhancements meet those security requirements, but do not provide detailed, technical descriptions of the specific design or implementation of the controls/enhancements. Security plans contain sufficient information (including the specification of parameter values for assignment and selection statements either explicitly or by reference) to enable a design and implementation that is unambiguously compliant with the intent of the plans and subsequent determinations of risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation if the plan is implemented as intended. Organizations can also apply tailoring guidance to the security control baselines in Appendix D and CNSS Instruction 1253 to develop overlays for community-wide use or to address specialized requirements, technologies, or missions/environments of operation (e.g., DoD-tactical, Federal Public Key Infrastructure, or Federal Identity, Credential, and Access Management, space operations). Appendix I provides guidance on developing overlays. Security plans need not be single documents; the plans can be a collection of various documents including documents that already exist. Effective security plans make extensive use of references to policies, procedures, and additional documents (e.g., design and implementation specifications) where more detailed information can be obtained. This reduces the documentation requirements associated with security programs and maintains security-related information in other established management/operational areas related to enterprise architecture, system development life cycle, systems engineering, and acquisition. For example, security plans do not contain detailed contingency plan or incident response plan information but instead provide explicitly or by reference, sufficient information to define what needs to be accomplished by those plans. Related controls: AC-2, AC-6, AC-14, AC-17, AC-20, CA-2, CA-3, CA-7, CM-9, CP-2, IR-8, MA-4, MA-5, MP-2, MP-4, MP-5, PL-7, PM-1, PM-7, PM-8, PM-9, PM-11, SA-5, SA-17.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security planning policy
procedures addressing security plan development and implementation
procedures addressing security plan reviews and updates
enterprise architecture documentation
security plan for the information system
records of security plan reviews and updates
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for security plan development/review/update/approval
automated mechanisms supporting the information system security plan
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
PL-4Rules of Behavior
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes and makes readily available to individuals requiring access to the information system, the rules that describe their responsibilities and expected behavior with regard to information and information system usage; |
| b. |
Receives a signed acknowledgment from such individuals, indicating that they have read, understand, and agree to abide by the rules of behavior, before authorizing access to information and the information system; |
| c. |
Reviews and updates the rules of behavior [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]; and |
| d. |
Requires individuals who have signed a previous version of the rules of behavior to read and re-sign when the rules of behavior are revised/updated. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control enhancement applies to organizational users. Organizations consider rules of behavior based on individual user roles and responsibilities, differentiating, for example, between rules that apply to privileged users and rules that apply to general users. Establishing rules of behavior for some types of non-organizational users including, for example, individuals who simply receive data/information from federal information systems, is often not feasible given the large number of such users and the limited nature of their interactions with the systems. Rules of behavior for both organizational and non-organizational users can also be established in AC-8, System Use Notification. PL-4 b. (the signed acknowledgment portion of this control) may be satisfied by the security awareness training and role-based security training programs conducted by organizations if such training includes rules of behavior. Organizations can use electronic signatures for acknowledging rules of behavior. Related controls: AC-2, AC-6, AC-8, AC-9, AC-17, AC-18, AC-19, AC-20, AT-2, AT-3, CM-11, IA-2, IA-4, IA-5, MP-7, PS-6, PS-8, SA-5.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security planning policy
procedures addressing rules of behavior for information system users
rules of behavior
signed acknowledgements
records for rules of behavior reviews and updates
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for establishing, reviewing, and updating rules of behavior
organizational personnel who are authorized users of the information system and have signed and resigned rules of behavior
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for establishing, reviewing, disseminating, and updating rules of behavior
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the establishment, review, dissemination, and update of rules of behavior
Control enhancements None
PL-7Security Concept of Operations
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops a security Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for the information system containing at a minimum, how the organization intends to operate the system from the perspective of information security; and |
| b. |
Reviews and updates the CONOPS [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]. |
Supplemental guidance
The security CONOPS may be included in the security plan for the information system or in other system development life cycle-related documents, as appropriate. Changes to the CONOPS are reflected in ongoing updates to the security plan, the information security architecture, and other appropriate organizational documents (e.g., security specifications for procurements/acquisitions, system development life cycle documents, and systems/security engineering documents). Related control: PL-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security planning policy
procedures addressing security CONOPS development
procedures addressing security CONOPS reviews and updates
security CONOPS for the information system
security plan for the information system
records of security CONOPS reviews and updates
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for developing, reviewing, and updating the security CONOPS
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the development, review, and update of the security CONOPS
Control enhancements None
References None
PL-8Information Security Architecture
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops an information security architecture for the information system that:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the information security architecture [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] to reflect updates in the enterprise architecture; and |
| c. |
Ensures that planned information security architecture changes are reflected in the security plan, the security Concept of Operations (CONOPS), and organizational procurements/acquisitions. |
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses actions taken by organizations in the design and development of information systems. The information security architecture at the individual information system level is consistent with and complements the more global, organization-wide information security architecture described in PM-7 that is integral to and developed as part of the enterprise architecture. The information security architecture includes an architectural description, the placement/allocation of security functionality (including security controls), security-related information for external interfaces, information being exchanged across the interfaces, and the protection mechanisms associated with each interface. In addition, the security architecture can include other important security-related information, for example, user roles and access privileges assigned to each role, unique security requirements, the types of information processed, stored, and transmitted by the information system, restoration priorities of information and information system services, and any other specific protection needs. In today’s modern architecture, it is becoming less common for organizations to control all information resources. There are going to be key dependencies on external information services and service providers. Describing such dependencies in the information security architecture is important to developing a comprehensive mission/business protection strategy. Establishing, developing, documenting, and maintaining under configuration control, a baseline configuration for organizational information systems is critical to implementing and maintaining an effective information security architecture. The development of the information security architecture is coordinated with the Senior Agency Official for Privacy (SAOP)/Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) to ensure that security controls needed to support privacy requirements are identified and effectively implemented. PL-8 is primarily directed at organizations (i.e., internally focused) to help ensure that organizations develop an information security architecture for the information system, and that the security architecture is integrated with or tightly coupled to the enterprise architecture through the organization-wide information security architecture. In contrast, SA-17 is primarily directed at external information technology product/system developers and integrators (although SA-17 could be used internally within organizations for in-house system development). SA-17, which is complementary to PL-8, is selected when organizations outsource the development of information systems or information system components to external entities, and there is a need to demonstrate/show consistency with the organization’s enterprise architecture and information security architecture. Related controls: CM-2, CM-6, PL-2, PM-7, SA-5, SA-17, Appendix J.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security planning policy
procedures addressing information security architecture development
procedures addressing information security architecture reviews and updates
enterprise architecture documentation
information security architecture documentation
security plan for the information system
security CONOPS for the information system
records of information security architecture reviews and updates
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security architecture development responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for developing, reviewing, and updating the information security architecture
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the development, review, and update of the information security architecture
Control enhancements None
References None
PL-9Central Management
Control: The organization centrally manages [Assignment: organization-defined security controls and related processes].
Supplemental guidance
Central management refers to the organization-wide management and implementation of selected security controls and related processes. Central management includes planning, implementing, assessing, authorizing, and monitoring the organization-defined, centrally managed security controls and processes. As central management of security controls is generally associated with common controls, such management promotes and facilitates standardization of security control implementations and management and judicious use of organizational resources. Centrally-managed security controls and processes may also meet independence requirements for assessments in support of initial and ongoing authorizations to operate as part of organizational continuous monitoring. As part of the security control selection process, organizations determine which controls may be suitable for central management based on organizational resources and capabilities. Organizations consider that it may not always be possible to centrally manage every aspect of a security control. In such cases, the security control is treated as a hybrid control with the control managed and implemented either centrally or at the information system level. Controls and control enhancements that are candidates for full or partial central management include, but are not limited to: AC-2 (1) (2) (3) (4); AC-17 (1) (2) (3) (9); AC-18 (1) (3) (4) (5); AC-19 (4); AC-22; AC-23; AT-2 (1) (2); AT-3 (1) (2) (3); AT-4; AU-6 (1) (3) (5) (6) (9); AU-7 (1) (2); AU-11, AU-13, AU-16, CA-2 (1) (2) (3); CA-3 (1) (2) (3); CA-7 (1); CA-9; CM-2 (1) (2); CM-3 (1) (4); CM-4; CM-6 (1); CM-7 (4) (5); CM-8 (all); CM-9 (1); CM-10; CM-11; CP-7 (all); CP-8 (all); SC-43; SI-2; SI-3; SI-7; and SI-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Security planning policy
procedures addressing security plan development and implementation
security plan for the information system
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibilities for planning/implementing central management of security controls and related processes
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for central management of security controls and related processes
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing central management of security controls and related processes
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
Personnel Security - 8 controls
PS-1Personnel Security Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the PS family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Personnel security policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with access control responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
PS-2Position Risk Designation
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Assigns a risk designation to all organizational positions; |
| b. |
Establishes screening criteria for individuals filling those positions; and |
| c. |
Reviews and updates position risk designations [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Position risk designations reflect Office of Personnel Management policy and guidance. Risk designations can guide and inform the types of authorizations individuals receive when accessing organizational information and information systems. Position screening criteria include explicit information security role appointment requirements (e.g., training, security clearances). Related controls: AT-3, PL-2, PS-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Personnel security policy
procedures addressing position categorization
appropriate codes of federal regulations
list of risk designations for organizational positions
security plan
records of position risk designation reviews and updates
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with personnel security responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for assigning, reviewing, and updating position risk designations
organizational processes for establishing screening criteria
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
PS-3Personnel Screening
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Screens individuals prior to authorizing access to the information system; and |
| b. |
Rescreens individuals according to [Assignment: organization-defined conditions requiring rescreening and, where rescreening is so indicated, the frequency of such rescreening]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Personnel screening and rescreening activities reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, guidance, and specific criteria established for the risk designations of assigned positions. Organizations may define different rescreening conditions and frequencies for personnel accessing information systems based on types of information processed, stored, or transmitted by the systems. Related controls: AC-2, IA-4, PE-2, PS-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Personnel security policy
procedures addressing personnel screening
records of screened personnel
security plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with personnel security responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for personnel screening
Control enhancements None
PS-4Personnel Termination
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization, upon termination of individual employment:
| a. |
Disables information system access within [Assignment: organization-defined time period]; |
| b. |
Terminates/revokes any authenticators/credentials associated with the individual; |
| c. |
Conducts exit interviews that include a discussion of [Assignment: organization-defined information security topics]; |
| d. |
Retrieves all security-related organizational information system-related property; |
| e. |
Retains access to organizational information and information systems formerly controlled by terminated individual; and |
| f. |
Notifies [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] within [Assignment: organization-defined time period]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information system-related property includes, for example, hardware authentication tokens, system administration technical manuals, keys, identification cards, and building passes. Exit interviews ensure that terminated individuals understand the security constraints imposed by being former employees and that proper accountability is achieved for information system-related property. Security topics of interest at exit interviews can include, for example, reminding terminated individuals of nondisclosure agreements and potential limitations on future employment. Exit interviews may not be possible for some terminated individuals, for example, in cases related to job abandonment, illnesses, and nonavailability of supervisors. Exit interviews are important for individuals with security clearances. Timely execution of termination actions is essential for individuals terminated for cause. In certain situations, organizations consider disabling the information system accounts of individuals that are being terminated prior to the individuals being notified. Related controls: AC-2, IA-4, PE-2, PS-5, PS-6.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization, upon termination of individual employment,:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Personnel security policy
procedures addressing personnel termination
records of personnel termination actions
list of information system accounts
records of terminated or revoked authenticators/credentials
records of exit interviews
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with personnel security responsibilities
organizational personnel with account management responsibilities
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for personnel termination
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing personnel termination notifications
automated mechanisms for disabling information system access/revoking authenticators
Control enhancements None
References None
PS-5Personnel Transfer
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Reviews and confirms ongoing operational need for current logical and physical access authorizations to information systems/facilities when individuals are reassigned or transferred to other positions within the organization; |
| b. |
Initiates [Assignment: organization-defined transfer or reassignment actions] within [Assignment: organization-defined time period following the formal transfer action]; |
| c. |
Modifies access authorization as needed to correspond with any changes in operational need due to reassignment or transfer; and |
| d. |
Notifies [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] within [Assignment: organization-defined time period]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies when reassignments or transfers of individuals are permanent or of such extended durations as to make the actions warranted. Organizations define actions appropriate for the types of reassignments or transfers, whether permanent or extended. Actions that may be required for personnel transfers or reassignments to other positions within organizations include, for example: (i) returning old and issuing new keys, identification cards, and building passes; (ii) closing information system accounts and establishing new accounts; (iii) changing information system access authorizations (i.e., privileges); and (iv) providing for access to official records to which individuals had access at previous work locations and in previous information system accounts. Related controls: AC-2, IA-4, PE-2, PS-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Personnel security policy
procedures addressing personnel transfer
security plan
records of personnel transfer actions
list of information system and facility access authorizations
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with personnel security responsibilities organizational personnel with account management responsibilities
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for personnel transfer
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing personnel transfer notifications
automated mechanisms for disabling information system access/revoking authenticators
Control enhancements None
References None
PS-6Access Agreements
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP3
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops and documents access agreements for organizational information systems; |
| b. |
Reviews and updates the access agreements [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]; and |
| c. |
Ensures that individuals requiring access to organizational information and information systems:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Access agreements include, for example, nondisclosure agreements, acceptable use agreements, rules of behavior, and conflict-of-interest agreements. Signed access agreements include an acknowledgement that individuals have read, understand, and agree to abide by the constraints associated with organizational information systems to which access is authorized. Organizations can use electronic signatures to acknowledge access agreements unless specifically prohibited by organizational policy. Related controls: PL-4, PS-2, PS-3, PS-4, PS-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Personnel security policy
procedures addressing access agreements for organizational information and information systems
security plan
access agreements
records of access agreement reviews and updates
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with personnel security responsibilities
organizational personnel who have signed/resigned access agreements
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for access agreements
automated mechanisms supporting access agreements
Control enhancements None
References None
PS-7Third-party Personnel Security
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes personnel security requirements including security roles and responsibilities for third-party providers; |
| b. |
Requires third-party providers to comply with personnel security policies and procedures established by the organization; |
| c. |
Documents personnel security requirements; |
| d. |
Requires third-party providers to notify [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] of any personnel transfers or terminations of third-party personnel who possess organizational credentials and/or badges, or who have information system privileges within [Assignment: organization-defined time period]; and |
| e. |
Monitors provider compliance. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Third-party providers include, for example, service bureaus, contractors, and other organizations providing information system development, information technology services, outsourced applications, and network and security management. Organizations explicitly include personnel security requirements in acquisition-related documents. Third-party providers may have personnel working at organizational facilities with credentials, badges, or information system privileges issued by organizations. Notifications of third-party personnel changes ensure appropriate termination of privileges and credentials. Organizations define the transfers and terminations deemed reportable by security-related characteristics that include, for example, functions, roles, and nature of credentials/privileges associated with individuals transferred or terminated. Related controls: PS-2, PS-3, PS-4, PS-5, PS-6, SA-9, SA-21.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Personnel security policy
procedures addressing third-party personnel security
list of personnel security requirements
acquisition documents
service-level agreements
compliance monitoring process
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with personnel security responsibilities
third-party providers
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with account management responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for managing and monitoring third-party personnel security
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing monitoring of provider compliance
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
PS-8Personnel Sanctions
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP3
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Employs a formal sanctions process for individuals failing to comply with established information security policies and procedures; and |
| b. |
Notifies [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] within [Assignment: organization-defined time period] when a formal employee sanctions process is initiated, identifying the individual sanctioned and the reason for the sanction. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizational sanctions processes reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Sanctions processes are described in access agreements and can be included as part of general personnel policies and procedures for organizations. Organizations consult with the Office of the General Counsel regarding matters of employee sanctions. Related controls: PL-4, PS-6.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Personnel security policy
procedures addressing personnel sanctions
rules of behavior
records of formal sanctions
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with personnel security responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for managing personnel sanctions
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing notifications
Control enhancements None
References None
Risk Assessment - 5 controls
RA-1Risk Assessment Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the RA family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
risk assessment policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with risk assessment responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
RA-2Security Categorization
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Categorizes information and the information system in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance; |
| b. |
Documents the security categorization results (including supporting rationale) in the security plan for the information system; and |
| c. |
Ensures that the authorizing official or authorizing official designated representative reviews and approves the security categorization decision. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Clearly defined authorization boundaries are a prerequisite for effective security categorization decisions. Security categories describe the potential adverse impacts to organizational operations, organizational assets, and individuals if organizational information and information systems are comprised through a loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Organizations conduct the security categorization process as an organization-wide activity with the involvement of chief information officers, senior information security officers, information system owners, mission/business owners, and information owners/stewards. Organizations also consider the potential adverse impacts to other organizations and, in accordance with the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 and Homeland Security Presidential Directives, potential national-level adverse impacts. Security categorization processes carried out by organizations facilitate the development of inventories of information assets, and along with CM-8, mappings to specific information system components where information is processed, stored, or transmitted. Related controls: CM-8, MP-4, RA-3, SC-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Risk assessment policy
security planning policy and procedures
procedures addressing security categorization of organizational information and information systems
security plan
security categorization documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security categorization and risk assessment responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for security categorization
Control enhancements None
RA-3Risk Assessment
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Conducts an assessment of risk, including the likelihood and magnitude of harm, from the unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction of the information system and the information it processes, stores, or transmits; |
| b. |
Documents risk assessment results in ; |
| c. |
Reviews risk assessment results [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]; |
| d. |
Disseminates risk assessment results to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]; and |
| e. |
Updates the risk assessment [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] or whenever there are significant changes to the information system or environment of operation (including the identification of new threats and vulnerabilities), or other conditions that may impact the security state of the system. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Clearly defined authorization boundaries are a prerequisite for effective risk assessments. Risk assessments take into account threats, vulnerabilities, likelihood, and impact to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation based on the operation and use of information systems. Risk assessments also take into account risk from external parties (e.g., service providers, contractors operating information systems on behalf of the organization, individuals accessing organizational information systems, outsourcing entities). In accordance with OMB policy and related E-authentication initiatives, authentication of public users accessing federal information systems may also be required to protect nonpublic or privacy-related information. As such, organizational assessments of risk also address public access to federal information systems. Risk assessments (either formal or informal) can be conducted at all three tiers in the risk management hierarchy (i.e., organization level, mission/business process level, or information system level) and at any phase in the system development life cycle. Risk assessments can also be conducted at various steps in the Risk Management Framework, including categorization, security control selection, security control implementation, security control assessment, information system authorization, and security control monitoring. RA-3 is noteworthy in that the control must be partially implemented prior to the implementation of other controls in order to complete the first two steps in the Risk Management Framework. Risk assessments can play an important role in security control selection processes, particularly during the application of tailoring guidance, which includes security control supplementation. Related controls: RA-2, PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Risk assessment policy
security planning policy and procedures
procedures addressing organizational assessments of risk
security plan
risk assessment
risk assessment results
risk assessment reviews
risk assessment updates
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with risk assessment responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for risk assessment
automated mechanisms supporting and/or for conducting, documenting, reviewing, disseminating, and updating the risk assessment
Control enhancements None
RA-5Vulnerability Scanning
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Scans for vulnerabilities in the information system and hosted applications [Assignment: organization-defined frequency and/or randomly in accordance with organization-defined process] and when new vulnerabilities potentially affecting the system/applications are identified and reported; |
| b. |
Employs vulnerability scanning tools and techniques that facilitate interoperability among tools and automate parts of the vulnerability management process by using standards for:
|
| c. |
Analyzes vulnerability scan reports and results from security control assessments; |
| d. |
Remediates legitimate vulnerabilities [Assignment: organization-defined response times] in accordance with an organizational assessment of risk; and |
| e. |
Shares information obtained from the vulnerability scanning process and security control assessments with [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to help eliminate similar vulnerabilities in other information systems (i.e., systemic weaknesses or deficiencies). |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Security categorization of information systems guides the frequency and comprehensiveness of vulnerability scans. Organizations determine the required vulnerability scanning for all information system components, ensuring that potential sources of vulnerabilities such as networked printers, scanners, and copiers are not overlooked. Vulnerability analyses for custom software applications may require additional approaches such as static analysis, dynamic analysis, binary analysis, or a hybrid of the three approaches. Organizations can employ these analysis approaches in a variety of tools (e.g., web-based application scanners, static analysis tools, binary analyzers) and in source code reviews. Vulnerability scanning includes, for example: (i) scanning for patch levels; (ii) scanning for functions, ports, protocols, and services that should not be accessible to users or devices; and (iii) scanning for improperly configured or incorrectly operating information flow control mechanisms. Organizations consider using tools that express vulnerabilities in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) naming convention and that use the Open Vulnerability Assessment Language (OVAL) to determine/test for the presence of vulnerabilities. Suggested sources for vulnerability information include the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) listing and the National Vulnerability Database (NVD). In addition, security control assessments such as red team exercises provide other sources of potential vulnerabilities for which to scan. Organizations also consider using tools that express vulnerability impact by the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). Related controls: CA-2, CA-7, CM-4, CM-6, RA-2, RA-3, SA-11, SI-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Risk assessment policy
procedures addressing vulnerability scanning
risk assessment
security plan
security assessment report
vulnerability scanning tools and associated configuration documentation
vulnerability scanning results
patch and vulnerability management records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with risk assessment, security control assessment and vulnerability scanning responsibilities
organizational personnel with vulnerability scan analysis responsibilities
organizational personnel with vulnerability remediation responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for vulnerability scanning, analysis, remediation, and information sharing
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing vulnerability scanning, analysis, remediation, and information sharing
Control enhancements None
RA-6Technical Surveillance Countermeasures Survey
Control: The organization employs a technical surveillance countermeasures survey at [Assignment: organization-defined locations] .
Supplemental guidance
Technical surveillance countermeasures surveys are performed by qualified personnel to detect the presence of technical surveillance devices/hazards and to identify technical security weaknesses that could aid in the conduct of technical penetrations of surveyed facilities. Such surveys provide evaluations of the technical security postures of organizations and facilities and typically include thorough visual, electronic, and physical examinations in and about surveyed facilities. The surveys also provide useful input into risk assessments and organizational exposure to potential adversaries.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Risk assessment policy
procedures addressing technical surveillance countermeasures surveys
security plan
audit records/event logs
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with technical surveillance countermeasures surveys responsibilities
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for technical surveillance countermeasures surveys
automated mechanisms/tools supporting and/or implementing technical surveillance countermeasures surveys
Control enhancements None
References None
System and Services Acquisition - 20 controls
SA-1System and Services Acquisition Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the SA family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
SA-2Allocation of Resources
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Determines information security requirements for the information system or information system service in mission/business process planning; |
| b. |
Determines, documents, and allocates the resources required to protect the information system or information system service as part of its capital planning and investment control process; and |
| c. |
Establishes a discrete line item for information security in organizational programming and budgeting documentation. |
itemState Implementation
|
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing the allocation of resources to information security requirements
procedures addressing capital planning and investment control
organizational programming and budgeting documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with capital planning, investment control, organizational programming and budgeting responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for determining information security requirements for information systems/services
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for determining information security requirements
organizational processes for capital planning, programming, and budgeting
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing organizational capital planning, programming, and budgeting
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
SA-3System Development Life Cycle
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Manages the information system using [Assignment: organization-defined system development life cycle] that incorporates information security considerations; |
| b. |
Defines and documents information security roles and responsibilities throughout the system development life cycle; |
| c. |
Identifies individuals having information security roles and responsibilities; and |
| d. |
Integrates the organizational information security risk management process into system development life cycle activities. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
A well-defined system development life cycle provides the foundation for the successful development, implementation, and operation of organizational information systems. To apply the required security controls within the system development life cycle requires a basic understanding of information security, threats, vulnerabilities, adverse impacts, and risk to critical missions/business functions. The security engineering principles in SA-8 cannot be properly applied if individuals that design, code, and test information systems and system components (including information technology products) do not understand security. Therefore, organizations include qualified personnel, for example, chief information security officers, security architects, security engineers, and information system security officers in system development life cycle activities to ensure that security requirements are incorporated into organizational information systems. It is equally important that developers include individuals on the development team that possess the requisite security expertise and skills to ensure that needed security capabilities are effectively integrated into the information system. Security awareness and training programs can help ensure that individuals having key security roles and responsibilities have the appropriate experience, skills, and expertise to conduct assigned system development life cycle activities. The effective integration of security requirements into enterprise architecture also helps to ensure that important security considerations are addressed early in the system development life cycle and that those considerations are directly related to the organizational mission/business processes. This process also facilitates the integration of the information security architecture into the enterprise architecture, consistent with organizational risk management and information security strategies. Related controls: AT-3, PM-7, SA-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing the integration of information security into the system development life cycle process
information system development life cycle documentation
information security risk management strategy/program documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security and system life cycle development responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security risk management responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for defining and documenting the SDLC
organizational processes for identifying SDLC roles and responsibilities
organizational process for integrating information security risk management into the SDLC
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the SDLC
Control enhancements None
SA-4Acquisition Process
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization includes the following requirements, descriptions, and criteria, explicitly or by reference, in the acquisition contract for the information system, system component, or information system service in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, guidelines, and organizational mission/business needs:
| a. |
Security functional requirements; |
| b. |
Security strength requirements; |
| c. |
Security assurance requirements; |
| d. |
Security-related documentation requirements; |
| e. |
Requirements for protecting security-related documentation; |
| f. |
Description of the information system development environment and environment in which the system is intended to operate; and |
| g. |
Acceptance criteria. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information system components are discrete, identifiable information technology assets (e.g., hardware, software, or firmware) that represent the building blocks of an information system. Information system components include commercial information technology products. Security functional requirements include security capabilities, security functions, and security mechanisms. Security strength requirements associated with such capabilities, functions, and mechanisms include degree of correctness, completeness, resistance to direct attack, and resistance to tampering or bypass. Security assurance requirements include: (i) development processes, procedures, practices, and methodologies; and (ii) evidence from development and assessment activities providing grounds for confidence that the required security functionality has been implemented and the required security strength has been achieved. Security documentation requirements address all phases of the system development life cycle. Security functionality, assurance, and documentation requirements are expressed in terms of security controls and control enhancements that have been selected through the tailoring process. The security control tailoring process includes, for example, the specification of parameter values through the use of assignment and selection statements and the specification of platform dependencies and implementation information. Security documentation provides user and administrator guidance regarding the implementation and operation of security controls. The level of detail required in security documentation is based on the security category or classification level of the information system and the degree to which organizations depend on the stated security capability, functions, or mechanisms to meet overall risk response expectations (as defined in the organizational risk management strategy). Security requirements can also include organizationally mandated configuration settings specifying allowed functions, ports, protocols, and services. Acceptance criteria for information systems, information system components, and information system services are defined in the same manner as such criteria for any organizational acquisition or procurement. The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Section 7.103 contains information security requirements from FISMA. Related controls: CM-6, PL-2, PS-7, SA-3, SA-5, SA-8, SA-11, SA-12.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization includes the following requirements, descriptions, and criteria, explicitly or by reference, in the acquisition contracts for the information system, system component, or information system service in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, guidelines, and organizational mission/business needs:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing the integration of information security requirements, descriptions, and criteria into the acquisition process
acquisition contracts for the information system, system component, or information system service
information system design documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with acquisition/contracting responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibility for determining information system security functional, strength, and assurance requirements
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for determining information system security functional, strength, and assurance requirements
organizational processes for developing acquisition contracts
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing acquisitions and inclusion of security requirements in contracts
Control enhancements None
SA-5Information System Documentation
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Obtains administrator documentation for the information system, system component, or information system service that describes:
|
| b. |
Obtains user documentation for the information system, system component, or information system service that describes:
|
| c. |
Documents attempts to obtain information system, system component, or information system service documentation when such documentation is either unavailable or nonexistent and takes [Assignment: organization-defined actions] in response; |
| d. |
Protects documentation as required, in accordance with the risk management strategy; and |
| e. |
Distributes documentation to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control helps organizational personnel understand the implementation and operation of security controls associated with information systems, system components, and information system services. Organizations consider establishing specific measures to determine the quality/completeness of the content provided. The inability to obtain needed documentation may occur, for example, due to the age of the information system/component or lack of support from developers and contractors. In those situations, organizations may need to recreate selected documentation if such documentation is essential to the effective implementation or operation of security controls. The level of protection provided for selected information system, component, or service documentation is commensurate with the security category or classification of the system. For example, documentation associated with a key DoD weapons system or command and control system would typically require a higher level of protection than a routine administrative system. Documentation that addresses information system vulnerabilities may also require an increased level of protection. Secure operation of the information system, includes, for example, initially starting the system and resuming secure system operation after any lapse in system operation. Related controls: CM-6, CM-8, PL-2, PL-4, PS-2, SA-3, SA-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing information system documentation
information system documentation including administrator and user guides
records documenting attempts to obtain unavailable or nonexistent information system documentation
list of actions to be taken in response to documented attempts to obtain information system, system component, or information system service documentation
risk management strategy documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with acquisition/contracting responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibility for determining information system security requirements
system administrators
organizational personnel operating, using, and/or maintaining the information system
information system developers
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for obtaining, protecting, and distributing information system administrator and user documentation
Control enhancements None
References None
SA-8Security Engineering Principles
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization applies information system security engineering principles in the specification, design, development, implementation, and modification of the information system.
Supplemental guidance
Organizations apply security engineering principles primarily to new development information systems or systems undergoing major upgrades. For legacy systems, organizations apply security engineering principles to system upgrades and modifications to the extent feasible, given the current state of hardware, software, and firmware within those systems. Security engineering principles include, for example: (i) developing layered protections; (ii) establishing sound security policy, architecture, and controls as the foundation for design; (iii) incorporating security requirements into the system development life cycle; (iv) delineating physical and logical security boundaries; (v) ensuring that system developers are trained on how to build secure software; (vi) tailoring security controls to meet organizational and operational needs; (vii) performing threat modeling to identify use cases, threat agents, attack vectors, and attack patterns as well as compensating controls and design patterns needed to mitigate risk; and (viii) reducing risk to acceptable levels, thus enabling informed risk management decisions. Related controls: PM-7, SA-3, SA-4, SA-17, SC-2, SC-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization applies information system security engineering principles in:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing security engineering principles used in the specification, design, development, implementation, and modification of the information system
information system design documentation
information security requirements and specifications for the information system
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with acquisition/contracting responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibility for determining information system security requirements
organizational personnel with information system specification, design, development, implementation, and modification responsibilities
information system developers
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for applying security engineering principles in information system specification, design, development, implementation, and modification
automated mechanisms supporting the application of security engineering principles in information system specification, design, development, implementation, and modification
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
SA-9External Information System Services
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Requires that providers of external information system services comply with organizational information security requirements and employ [Assignment: organization-defined security controls] in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance; |
| b. |
Defines and documents government oversight and user roles and responsibilities with regard to external information system services; and |
| c. |
Employs [Assignment: organization-defined processes, methods, and techniques] to monitor security control compliance by external service providers on an ongoing basis. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
External information system services are services that are implemented outside of the authorization boundaries of organizational information systems. This includes services that are used by, but not a part of, organizational information systems. FISMA and OMB policy require that organizations using external service providers that are processing, storing, or transmitting federal information or operating information systems on behalf of the federal government ensure that such providers meet the same security requirements that federal agencies are required to meet. Organizations establish relationships with external service providers in a variety of ways including, for example, through joint ventures, business partnerships, contracts, interagency agreements, lines of business arrangements, licensing agreements, and supply chain exchanges. The responsibility for managing risks from the use of external information system services remains with authorizing officials. For services external to organizations, a chain of trust requires that organizations establish and retain a level of confidence that each participating provider in the potentially complex consumer-provider relationship provides adequate protection for the services rendered. The extent and nature of this chain of trust varies based on the relationships between organizations and the external providers. Organizations document the basis for trust relationships so the relationships can be monitored over time. External information system services documentation includes government, service providers, end user security roles and responsibilities, and service-level agreements. Service-level agreements define expectations of performance for security controls, describe measurable outcomes, and identify remedies and response requirements for identified instances of noncompliance. Related controls: CA-3, IR-7, PS-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing external information system services
procedures addressing methods and techniques for monitoring security control compliance by external service providers of information system services
acquisition contracts, service-level agreements
organizational security requirements and security specifications for external provider services
security control assessment evidence from external providers of information system services
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
external providers of information system services
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for monitoring security control compliance by external service providers on an ongoing basis
automated mechanisms for monitoring security control compliance by external service providers on an ongoing basis
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
SA-10Developer Configuration Management
baselineMOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization requires the developer of the information system, system component, or information system service to:
| a. |
Perform configuration management during system, component, or service ; |
| b. |
Document, manage, and control the integrity of changes to [Assignment: organization-defined configuration items under configuration management]; |
| c. |
Implement only organization-approved changes to the system, component, or service; |
| d. |
Document approved changes to the system, component, or service and the potential security impacts of such changes; and |
| e. |
Track security flaws and flaw resolution within the system, component, or service and report findings to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel]. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control also applies to organizations conducting internal information systems development and integration. Organizations consider the quality and completeness of the configuration management activities conducted by developers as evidence of applying effective security safeguards. Safeguards include, for example, protecting from unauthorized modification or destruction, the master copies of all material used to generate security-relevant portions of the system hardware, software, and firmware. Maintaining the integrity of changes to the information system, information system component, or information system service requires configuration control throughout the system development life cycle to track authorized changes and prevent unauthorized changes. Configuration items that are placed under configuration management (if existence/use is required by other security controls) include: the formal model; the functional, high-level, and low-level design specifications; other design data; implementation documentation; source code and hardware schematics; the running version of the object code; tools for comparing new versions of security-relevant hardware descriptions and software/firmware source code with previous versions; and test fixtures and documentation. Depending on the mission/business needs of organizations and the nature of the contractual relationships in place, developers may provide configuration management support during the operations and maintenance phases of the life cycle. Related controls: CM-3, CM-4, CM-9, SA-12, SI-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing system developer configuration management
solicitation documentation
acquisition documentation
service-level agreements
acquisition contracts for the information system, system component, or information system service
system developer configuration management plan
security flaw and flaw resolution tracking records
system change authorization records
change control records
configuration management records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with configuration management responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for monitoring developer configuration management
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the monitoring of developer configuration management
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
SA-11Developer Security Testing and Evaluation
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization requires the developer of the information system, system component, or information system service to:
| a. |
Create and implement a security assessment plan; |
| b. |
Perform testing/evaluation at [Assignment: organization-defined depth and coverage]; |
| c. |
Produce evidence of the execution of the security assessment plan and the results of the security testing/evaluation; |
| d. |
Implement a verifiable flaw remediation process; and |
| e. |
Correct flaws identified during security testing/evaluation. |
Supplemental guidance
Developmental security testing/evaluation occurs at all post-design phases of the system development life cycle. Such testing/evaluation confirms that the required security controls are implemented correctly, operating as intended, enforcing the desired security policy, and meeting established security requirements. Security properties of information systems may be affected by the interconnection of system components or changes to those components. These interconnections or changes (e.g., upgrading or replacing applications and operating systems) may adversely affect previously implemented security controls. This control provides additional types of security testing/evaluation that developers can conduct to reduce or eliminate potential flaws. Testing custom software applications may require approaches such as static analysis, dynamic analysis, binary analysis, or a hybrid of the three approaches. Developers can employ these analysis approaches in a variety of tools (e.g., web-based application scanners, static analysis tools, binary analyzers) and in source code reviews. Security assessment plans provide the specific activities that developers plan to carry out including the types of analyses, testing, evaluation, and reviews of software and firmware components, the degree of rigor to be applied, and the types of artifacts produced during those processes. The depth of security testing/evaluation refers to the rigor and level of detail associated with the assessment process (e.g., black box, gray box, or white box testing). The coverage of security testing/evaluation refers to the scope (i.e., number and type) of the artifacts included in the assessment process. Contracts specify the acceptance criteria for security assessment plans, flaw remediation processes, and the evidence that the plans/processes have been diligently applied. Methods for reviewing and protecting assessment plans, evidence, and documentation are commensurate with the security category or classification level of the information system. Contracts may specify documentation protection requirements. Related controls: CA-2, CM-4, SA-3, SA-4, SA-5, SI-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing system developer security testing
procedures addressing flaw remediation
solicitation documentation
acquisition documentation
service-level agreements
acquisition contracts for the information system, system component, or information system service
system developer security test plans
records of developer security testing results for the information system, system component, or information system service
security flaw and remediation tracking records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with developer security testing responsibilities
system developers
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for monitoring developer security testing and evaluation
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the monitoring of developer security testing and evaluation
Control enhancements None
SA-12Supply Chain Protection
baselineHIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization protects against supply chain threats to the information system, system component, or information system service by employing [Assignment: organization-defined security safeguards] as part of a comprehensive, defense-in-breadth information security strategy.
Supplemental guidance
Information systems (including system components that compose those systems) need to be protected throughout the system development life cycle (i.e., during design, development, manufacturing, packaging, assembly, distribution, system integration, operations, maintenance, and retirement). Protection of organizational information systems is accomplished through threat awareness, by the identification, management, and reduction of vulnerabilities at each phase of the life cycle and the use of complementary, mutually reinforcing strategies to respond to risk. Organizations consider implementing a standardized process to address supply chain risk with respect to information systems and system components, and to educate the acquisition workforce on threats, risk, and required security controls. Organizations use the acquisition/procurement processes to require supply chain entities to implement necessary security safeguards to: (i) reduce the likelihood of unauthorized modifications at each stage in the supply chain; and (ii) protect information systems and information system components, prior to taking delivery of such systems/components. This control also applies to information system services. Security safeguards include, for example: (i) security controls for development systems, development facilities, and external connections to development systems; (ii) vetting development personnel; and (iii) use of tamper-evident packaging during shipping/warehousing. Methods for reviewing and protecting development plans, evidence, and documentation are commensurate with the security category or classification level of the information system. Contracts may specify documentation protection requirements. Related controls: AT-3, CM-8, IR-4, PE-16, PL-8, SA-3, SA-4, SA-8, SA-10, SA-14, SA-15, SA-18, SA-19, SC-29, SC-30, SC-38, SI-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing supply chain protection
procedures addressing the integration of information security requirements into the acquisition process
solicitation documentation
acquisition documentation
service-level agreements
acquisition contracts for the information system, system component, or information system service
list of supply chain threats
list of security safeguards to be taken against supply chain threats
system development life cycle documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with supply chain protection responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for defining safeguards for and protecting against supply chain threats
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing safeguards for supply chain threats
Control enhancements None
SA-13Trustworthiness
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Describes the trustworthiness required in the [Assignment: organization-defined information system, information system component, or information system service] supporting its critical missions/business functions; and |
| b. |
Implements [Assignment: organization-defined assurance overlay] to achieve such trustworthiness. |
Supplemental guidance
This control helps organizations to make explicit trustworthiness decisions when designing, developing, and implementing information systems that are needed to conduct critical organizational missions/business functions. Trustworthiness is a characteristic/property of an information system that expresses the degree to which the system can be expected to preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information it processes, stores, or transmits. Trustworthy information systems are systems that are capable of being trusted to operate within defined levels of risk despite the environmental disruptions, human errors, and purposeful attacks that are expected to occur in the specified environments of operation. Trustworthy systems are important to mission/business success. Two factors affecting the trustworthiness of information systems include: (i) security functionality (i.e., the security features, functions, and/or mechanisms employed within the system and its environment of operation); and (ii) security assurance (i.e., the grounds for confidence that the security functionality is effective in its application). Developers, implementers, operators, and maintainers of organizational information systems can increase the level of assurance (and trustworthiness), for example, by employing well-defined security policy models, structured and rigorous hardware, software, and firmware development techniques, sound system/security engineering principles, and secure configuration settings (defined by a set of assurance-related security controls in Appendix E). Assurance is also based on the assessment of evidence produced during the system development life cycle. Critical missions/business functions are supported by high-impact systems and the associated assurance requirements for such systems. The additional assurance controls in Table E-4 in Appendix E (designated as optional) can be used to develop and implement high-assurance solutions for specific information systems and system components using the concept of overlays described in Appendix I. Organizations select assurance overlays that have been developed, validated, and approved for community adoption (e.g., cross-organization, governmentwide), limiting the development of such overlays on an organization-by-organization basis. Organizations can conduct criticality analyses as described in SA-14, to determine the information systems, system components, or information system services that require high-assurance solutions. Trustworthiness requirements and assurance overlays can be described in the security plans for organizational information systems. Related controls: RA-2, SA-4, SA-8, SA-14, SC-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing trustworthiness requirements for the information system, system component, or information system service
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
security categorization documentation/results
security authorization package for the information system, system component, or information system service
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
authorizing official
Control enhancements None
SA-14Criticality Analysis
Control: The organization identifies critical information system components and functions by performing a criticality analysis for [Assignment: organization-defined information systems, information system components, or information system services] at [Assignment: organization-defined decision points in the system development life cycle].
Supplemental guidance
Criticality analysis is a key tenet of supply chain risk management and informs the prioritization of supply chain protection activities such as attack surface reduction, use of all-source intelligence, and tailored acquisition strategies. Information system engineers can conduct an end-to-end functional decomposition of an information system to identify mission-critical functions and components. The functional decomposition includes the identification of core organizational missions supported by the system, decomposition into the specific functions to perform those missions, and traceability to the hardware, software, and firmware components that implement those functions, including when the functions are shared by many components within and beyond the information system boundary. Information system components that allow for unmediated access to critical components or functions are considered critical due to the inherent vulnerabilities such components create. Criticality is assessed in terms of the impact of the function or component failure on the ability of the component to complete the organizational missions supported by the information system. A criticality analysis is performed whenever an architecture or design is being developed or modified, including upgrades. Related controls: CP-2, PL-2, PL-8, PM-1, SA-8, SA-12, SA-13, SA-15, SA-20.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing criticality analysis requirements for information systems, security plan
contingency plan
list of information systems, information system components, or information system services requiring criticality analyses
list of critical information system components and functions identified by criticality analyses
criticality analysis documentation
business impact analysis documentation
system development life cycle documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibilities for performing criticality analysis for the information system
Control enhancements None
References None
SA-15Development Process, Standards, and Tools
baselineHIGH
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Requires the developer of the information system, system component, or information system service to follow a documented development process that:
|
| b. |
Reviews the development process, standards, tools, and tool options/configurations [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] to determine if the process, standards, tools, and tool options/configurations selected and employed can satisfy [Assignment: organization-defined security requirements]. |
Supplemental guidance
Development tools include, for example, programming languages and computer-aided design (CAD) systems. Reviews of development processes can include, for example, the use of maturity models to determine the potential effectiveness of such processes. Maintaining the integrity of changes to tools and processes enables accurate supply chain risk assessment and mitigation, and requires robust configuration control throughout the life cycle (including design, development, transport, delivery, integration, and maintenance) to track authorized changes and prevent unauthorized changes. Related controls: SA-3, SA-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing development process, standards, and tools
procedures addressing the integration of security requirements during the development process
solicitation documentation
acquisition documentation
service-level agreements
acquisition contracts for the information system, system component, or information system service
system developer documentation listing tool options/configuration guides, configuration management records
change control records
configuration control records
documented reviews of development process, standards, tools, and tool options/configurations
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Control enhancements None
References None
SA-16Developer-provided Training
baselineHIGH
priorityP2
Control: The organization requires the developer of the information system, system component, or information system service to provide [Assignment: organization-defined training] on the correct use and operation of the implemented security functions, controls, and/or mechanisms.
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to external and internal (in-house) developers. Training of personnel is an essential element to ensure the effectiveness of security controls implemented within organizational information systems. Training options include, for example, classroom-style training, web-based/computer-based training, and hands-on training. Organizations can also request sufficient training materials from developers to conduct in-house training or offer self-training to organizational personnel. Organizations determine the type of training necessary and may require different types of training for different security functions, controls, or mechanisms. Related controls: AT-2, AT-3, SA-5.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing developer-provided training
solicitation documentation
acquisition documentation
service-level agreements
acquisition contracts for the information system, system component, or information system service
developer-provided training materials
training records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information system security responsibilities
system developer
organizational or third-party developers with training responsibilities for the information system, system component, or information system service
Control enhancements None
References None
SA-17Developer Security Architecture and Design
baselineHIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization requires the developer of the information system, system component, or information system service to produce a design specification and security architecture that:
| a. |
Is consistent with and supportive of the organization’s security architecture which is established within and is an integrated part of the organization’s enterprise architecture; |
| b. |
Accurately and completely describes the required security functionality, and the allocation of security controls among physical and logical components; and |
| c. |
Expresses how individual security functions, mechanisms, and services work together to provide required security capabilities and a unified approach to protection. |
Supplemental guidance
This control is primarily directed at external developers, although it could also be used for internal (in-house) development. In contrast, PL-8 is primarily directed at internal developers to help ensure that organizations develop an information security architecture and such security architecture is integrated or tightly coupled to the enterprise architecture. This distinction is important if/when organizations outsource the development of information systems, information system components, or information system services to external entities, and there is a requirement to demonstrate consistency with the organization’s enterprise architecture and information security architecture. Related controls: PL-8, PM-7, SA-3, SA-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization requires the developer of the information system, system component, or information system service to produce a design specification and security architecture that:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
enterprise architecture policy
procedures addressing developer security architecture and design specification for the information system
solicitation documentation
acquisition documentation
service-level agreements
acquisition contracts for the information system, system component, or information system service
design specification and security architecture documentation for the system
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
organizational personnel with security architecture and design responsibilities
Control enhancements None
References None
SA-18Tamper Resistance and Detection
Control: The organization implements a tamper protection program for the information system, system component, or information system service.
Supplemental guidance
Anti-tamper technologies and techniques provide a level of protection for critical information systems, system components, and information technology products against a number of related threats including modification, reverse engineering, and substitution. Strong identification combined with tamper resistance and/or tamper detection is essential to protecting information systems, components, and products during distribution and when in use. Related controls: PE-3, SA-12, SI-7.
Objective
|
Determine if the organization implements a tamper protection program for the information system, system component, or information system service. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing tamper resistance and detection
tamper protection program documentation
tamper protection tools and techniques documentation
tamper resistance and detection tools and techniques documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibility for the tamper protection program
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for implementation of the tamper protection program
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the tamper protection program
Control enhancements None
References None
SA-19Component Authenticity
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops and implements anti-counterfeit policy and procedures that include the means to detect and prevent counterfeit components from entering the information system; and |
| b. |
Reports counterfeit information system components to . |
Supplemental guidance
Sources of counterfeit components include, for example, manufacturers, developers, vendors, and contractors. Anti-counterfeiting policy and procedures support tamper resistance and provide a level of protection against the introduction of malicious code. External reporting organizations include, for example, US-CERT. Related controls: PE-3, SA-12, SI-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
anti-counterfeit policy and procedures
media disposal policy
media protection policy
incident response policy
training materials addressing counterfeit information system components
training records on detection and prevention of counterfeit components from entering the information system
reports notifying developers/manufacturers/vendors/ contractors and/or external reporting organizations of counterfeit information system components
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibility for anti-counterfeit policy, procedures, and reporting
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for anti-counterfeit detection, prevention, and reporting
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing anti-counterfeit detection, prevention, and reporting
Control enhancements None
References None
SA-20Customized Development of Critical Components
Control: The organization re-implements or custom develops [Assignment: organization-defined critical information system components].
Supplemental guidance
Organizations determine that certain information system components likely cannot be trusted due to specific threats to and vulnerabilities in those components, and for which there are no viable security controls to adequately mitigate the resulting risk. Re-implementation or custom development of such components helps to satisfy requirements for higher assurance. This is accomplished by initiating changes to system components (including hardware, software, and firmware) such that the standard attacks by adversaries are less likely to succeed. In situations where no alternative sourcing is available and organizations choose not to re-implement or custom develop critical information system components, additional safeguards can be employed (e.g., enhanced auditing, restrictions on source code and system utility access, and protection from deletion of system and application files. Related controls: CP-2, SA-8, SA-14.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing customized development of critical information system components
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
system development life cycle documentation addressing custom development of critical information system components
configuration management records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibility re-implementation or customized development of critical information system components
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for re-implementing or customized development of critical information system components
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing re-implementation or customized development of critical information system components
Control enhancements None
References None
SA-21Developer Screening
Control: The organization requires that the developer of [Assignment: organization-defined information system, system component, or information system service]:
| a. |
Have appropriate access authorizations as determined by assigned [Assignment: organization-defined official government duties]; and |
| b. |
Satisfy [Assignment: organization-defined additional personnel screening criteria]. |
Supplemental guidance
Because the information system, system component, or information system service may be employed in critical activities essential to the national and/or economic security interests of the United States, organizations have a strong interest in ensuring that the developer is trustworthy. The degree of trust required of the developer may need to be consistent with that of the individuals accessing the information system/component/service once deployed. Examples of authorization and personnel screening criteria include clearance, satisfactory background checks, citizenship, and nationality. Trustworthiness of developers may also include a review and analysis of company ownership and any relationships the company has with entities potentially affecting the quality/reliability of the systems, components, or services being developed. Related controls: PS-3, PS-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
personnel security policy and procedures
procedures addressing personnel screening
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of appropriate access authorizations required by developers of the information system
personnel screening criteria and associated documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibility for developer screening
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for developer screening
automated mechanisms supporting developer screening
Control enhancements None
References None
SA-22Unsupported System Components
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Replaces information system components when support for the components is no longer available from the developer, vendor, or manufacturer; and |
| b. |
Provides justification and documents approval for the continued use of unsupported system components required to satisfy mission/business needs. |
Supplemental guidance
Support for information system components includes, for example, software patches, firmware updates, replacement parts, and maintenance contracts. Unsupported components (e.g., when vendors are no longer providing critical software patches), provide a substantial opportunity for adversaries to exploit new weaknesses discovered in the currently installed components. Exceptions to replacing unsupported system components may include, for example, systems that provide critical mission/business capability where newer technologies are not available or where the systems are so isolated that installing replacement components is not an option. Related controls: PL-2, SA-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and services acquisition policy
procedures addressing replacement or continued use of unsupported information system components
documented evidence of replacing unsupported information system components
documented approvals (including justification) for continued use of unsupported information system components
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and services acquisition responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibility system development life cycle
organizational personnel responsible for configuration management
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for replacing unsupported system components
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing replacement of unsupported system components
Control enhancements None
References None
System and Communications Protection - 41 controls
SC-1System and Communications Protection Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the SC family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and communications protection responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
SC-2Application Partitioning
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The information system separates user functionality (including user interface services) from information system management functionality.
Supplemental guidance
Information system management functionality includes, for example, functions necessary to administer databases, network components, workstations, or servers, and typically requires privileged user access. The separation of user functionality from information system management functionality is either physical or logical. Organizations implement separation of system management-related functionality from user functionality by using different computers, different central processing units, different instances of operating systems, different network addresses, virtualization techniques, or combinations of these or other methods, as appropriate. This type of separation includes, for example, web administrative interfaces that use separate authentication methods for users of any other information system resources. Separation of system and user functionality may include isolating administrative interfaces on different domains and with additional access controls. Related controls: SA-4, SA-8, SC-3.
Objective
|
Determine if the information system separates user functionality (including user interface services) from information system management functionality. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing application partitioning
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Separation of user functionality from information system management functionality
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-3Security Function Isolation
baselineHIGH
priorityP1
Control: The information system isolates security functions from nonsecurity functions.
Supplemental guidance
The information system isolates security functions from nonsecurity functions by means of an isolation boundary (implemented via partitions and domains). Such isolation controls access to and protects the integrity of the hardware, software, and firmware that perform those security functions. Information systems implement code separation (i.e., separation of security functions from nonsecurity functions) in a number of ways, including, for example, through the provision of security kernels via processor rings or processor modes. For non-kernel code, security function isolation is often achieved through file system protections that serve to protect the code on disk, and address space protections that protect executing code. Information systems restrict access to security functions through the use of access control mechanisms and by implementing least privilege capabilities. While the ideal is for all of the code within the security function isolation boundary to only contain security-relevant code, it is sometimes necessary to include nonsecurity functions within the isolation boundary as an exception. Related controls: AC-3, AC-6, SA-4, SA-5, SA-8, SA-13, SC-2, SC-7, SC-39.
Objective
|
Determine if the information system isolates security functions from nonsecurity functions. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing security function isolation
list of security functions to be isolated from nonsecurity functions
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Separation of security functions from nonsecurity functions within the information system
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-4Information in Shared Resources
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The information system prevents unauthorized and unintended information transfer via shared system resources.
Supplemental guidance
This control prevents information, including encrypted representations of information, produced by the actions of prior users/roles (or the actions of processes acting on behalf of prior users/roles) from being available to any current users/roles (or current processes) that obtain access to shared system resources (e.g., registers, main memory, hard disks) after those resources have been released back to information systems. The control of information in shared resources is also commonly referred to as object reuse and residual information protection. This control does not address: (i) information remanence which refers to residual representation of data that has been nominally erased or removed; (ii) covert channels (including storage and/or timing channels) where shared resources are manipulated to violate information flow restrictions; or (iii) components within information systems for which there are only single users/roles. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, MP-6.
Objective
|
Determine if the information system prevents unauthorized and unintended information transfer via shared system resources. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing information protection in shared system resources
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms preventing unauthorized and unintended transfer of information via shared system resources
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-5Denial of Service Protection
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The information system protects against or limits the effects of the following types of denial of service attacks: [Assignment: organization-defined types of denial of service attacks or references to sources for such information] by employing [Assignment: organization-defined security safeguards].
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
A variety of technologies exist to limit, or in some cases, eliminate the effects of denial of service attacks. For example, boundary protection devices can filter certain types of packets to protect information system components on internal organizational networks from being directly affected by denial of service attacks. Employing increased capacity and bandwidth combined with service redundancy may also reduce the susceptibility to denial of service attacks. Related controls: SC-6, SC-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing denial of service protection
information system design documentation
security plan
list of denial of services attacks requiring employment of security safeguards to protect against or limit effects of such attacks
list of security safeguards protecting against or limiting the effects of denial of service attacks
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with incident response responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms protecting against or limiting the effects of denial of service attacks
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-6Resource Availability
Control: The information system protects the availability of resources by allocating [Assignment: organization-defined resources] by .
Supplemental guidance
Priority protection helps prevent lower-priority processes from delaying or interfering with the information system servicing any higher-priority processes. Quotas prevent users or processes from obtaining more than predetermined amounts of resources. This control does not apply to information system components for which there are only single users/roles.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing prioritization of information system resources
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing resource allocation capability
safeguards employed to protect availability of resources
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-7Boundary Protection
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Monitors and controls communications at the external boundary of the system and at key internal boundaries within the system; |
| b. |
Implements subnetworks for publicly accessible system components that are separated from internal organizational networks; and |
| c. |
Connects to external networks or information systems only through managed interfaces consisting of boundary protection devices arranged in accordance with an organizational security architecture. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Managed interfaces include, for example, gateways, routers, firewalls, guards, network-based malicious code analysis and virtualization systems, or encrypted tunnels implemented within a security architecture (e.g., routers protecting firewalls or application gateways residing on protected subnetworks). Subnetworks that are physically or logically separated from internal networks are referred to as demilitarized zones or DMZs. Restricting or prohibiting interfaces within organizational information systems includes, for example, restricting external web traffic to designated web servers within managed interfaces and prohibiting external traffic that appears to be spoofing internal addresses. Organizations consider the shared nature of commercial telecommunications services in the implementation of security controls associated with the use of such services. Commercial telecommunications services are commonly based on network components and consolidated management systems shared by all attached commercial customers, and may also include third party-provided access lines and other service elements. Such transmission services may represent sources of increased risk despite contract security provisions. Related controls: AC-4, AC-17, CA-3, CM-7, CP-8, IR-4, RA-3, SC-5, SC-13.
Objectives
|
Determine if the information system:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing boundary protection
list of key internal boundaries of the information system
information system design documentation
boundary protection hardware and software
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
enterprise security architecture documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
organizational personnel with boundary protection responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing boundary protection capability
Control enhancements None
SC-8Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
baselineMOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The information system protects the of transmitted information.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to both internal and external networks and all types of information system components from which information can be transmitted (e.g., servers, mobile devices, notebook computers, printers, copiers, scanners, facsimile machines). Communication paths outside the physical protection of a controlled boundary are exposed to the possibility of interception and modification. Protecting the confidentiality and/or integrity of organizational information can be accomplished by physical means (e.g., by employing protected distribution systems) or by logical means (e.g., employing encryption techniques). Organizations relying on commercial providers offering transmission services as commodity services rather than as fully dedicated services (i.e., services which can be highly specialized to individual customer needs), may find it difficult to obtain the necessary assurances regarding the implementation of needed security controls for transmission confidentiality/integrity. In such situations, organizations determine what types of confidentiality/integrity services are available in standard, commercial telecommunication service packages. If it is infeasible or impractical to obtain the necessary security controls and assurances of control effectiveness through appropriate contracting vehicles, organizations implement appropriate compensating security controls or explicitly accept the additional risk. Related controls: AC-17, PE-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the information system protects one or more of the following:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing transmission confidentiality and integrity
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing transmission confidentiality and/or integrity
Control enhancements None
SC-10Network Disconnect
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The information system terminates the network connection associated with a communications session at the end of the session or after [Assignment: organization-defined time period] of inactivity.
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to both internal and external networks. Terminating network connections associated with communications sessions include, for example, de-allocating associated TCP/IP address/port pairs at the operating system level, or de-allocating networking assignments at the application level if multiple application sessions are using a single, operating system-level network connection. Time periods of inactivity may be established by organizations and include, for example, time periods by type of network access or for specific network accesses.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing network disconnect
information system design documentation
security plan
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing network disconnect capability
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-11Trusted Path
Control: The information system establishes a trusted communications path between the user and the following security functions of the system: [Assignment: organization-defined security functions to include at a minimum, information system authentication and re-authentication].
Supplemental guidance
Trusted paths are mechanisms by which users (through input devices) can communicate directly with security functions of information systems with the requisite assurance to support information security policies. The mechanisms can be activated only by users or the security functions of organizational information systems. User responses via trusted paths are protected from modifications by or disclosure to untrusted applications. Organizations employ trusted paths for high-assurance connections between security functions of information systems and users (e.g., during system logons). Enforcement of trusted communications paths is typically provided via an implementation that meets the reference monitor concept. Related controls: AC-16, AC-25.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing trusted communications paths
security plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
assessment results from independent, testing organizations
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing trusted communications paths
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-12Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization establishes and manages cryptographic keys for required cryptography employed within the information system in accordance with [Assignment: organization-defined requirements for key generation, distribution, storage, access, and destruction].
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Cryptographic key management and establishment can be performed using manual procedures or automated mechanisms with supporting manual procedures. Organizations define key management requirements in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance, specifying appropriate options, levels, and parameters. Organizations manage trust stores to ensure that only approved trust anchors are in such trust stores. This includes certificates with visibility external to organizational information systems and certificates related to the internal operations of systems. Related controls: SC-13, SC-17.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing cryptographic key establishment and management
information system design documentation
cryptographic mechanisms
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibilities for cryptographic key establishment and/or management
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing cryptographic key establishment and management
Control enhancements None
SC-13Cryptographic Protection
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The information system implements [Assignment: organization-defined cryptographic uses and type of cryptography required for each use] in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, and standards.
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Cryptography can be employed to support a variety of security solutions including, for example, the protection of classified and Controlled Unclassified Information, the provision of digital signatures, and the enforcement of information separation when authorized individuals have the necessary clearances for such information but lack the necessary formal access approvals. Cryptography can also be used to support random number generation and hash generation. Generally applicable cryptographic standards include FIPS-validated cryptography and NSA-approved cryptography. This control does not impose any requirements on organizations to use cryptography. However, if cryptography is required based on the selection of other security controls, organizations define each type of cryptographic use and the type of cryptography required (e.g., protection of classified information: NSA-approved cryptography; provision of digital signatures: FIPS-validated cryptography). Related controls: AC-2, AC-3, AC-7, AC-17, AC-18, AU-9, AU-10, CM-11, CP-9, IA-3, IA-7, MA-4, MP-2, MP-4, MP-5, SA-4, SC-8, SC-12, SC-28, SI-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing cryptographic protection
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
cryptographic module validation certificates
list of FIPS validated cryptographic modules
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
organizational personnel with responsibilities for cryptographic protection
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing cryptographic protection
Control enhancements None
SC-15Collaborative Computing Devices
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Prohibits remote activation of collaborative computing devices with the following exceptions: [Assignment: organization-defined exceptions where remote activation is to be allowed]; and |
| b. |
Provides an explicit indication of use to users physically present at the devices. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Collaborative computing devices include, for example, networked white boards, cameras, and microphones. Explicit indication of use includes, for example, signals to users when collaborative computing devices are activated. Related control: AC-21.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing collaborative computing
access control policy and procedures
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
organizational personnel with responsibilities for managing collaborative computing devices
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing management of remote activation of collaborative computing devices
automated mechanisms providing an indication of use of collaborative computing devices
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-16Transmission of Security Attributes
Control: The information system associates [Assignment: organization-defined security attributes] with information exchanged between information systems and between system components.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing transmission of security attributes
access control policy and procedures
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing transmission of security attributes between information systems
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-17Public Key Infrastructure Certificates
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization issues public key certificates under an [Assignment: organization-defined certificate policy] or obtains public key certificates from an approved service provider.
Supplemental guidance
For all certificates, organizations manage information system trust stores to ensure only approved trust anchors are in the trust stores. This control addresses both certificates with visibility external to organizational information systems and certificates related to the internal operations of systems, for example, application-specific time services. Related control: SC-12.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing public key infrastructure certificates
public key certificate policy or policies
public key issuing process
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibilities for issuing public key certificates
service providers
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the management of public key infrastructure certificates
Control enhancements None
SC-18Mobile Code
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Defines acceptable and unacceptable mobile code and mobile code technologies; |
| b. |
Establishes usage restrictions and implementation guidance for acceptable mobile code and mobile code technologies; and |
| c. |
Authorizes, monitors, and controls the use of mobile code within the information system. |
Supplemental guidance
Decisions regarding the employment of mobile code within organizational information systems are based on the potential for the code to cause damage to the systems if used maliciously. Mobile code technologies include, for example, Java, JavaScript, ActiveX, Postscript, PDF, Shockwave movies, Flash animations, and VBScript. Usage restrictions and implementation guidance apply to both the selection and use of mobile code installed on servers and mobile code downloaded and executed on individual workstations and devices (e.g., smart phones). Mobile code policy and procedures address preventing the development, acquisition, or introduction of unacceptable mobile code within organizational information systems. Related controls: AU-2, AU-12, CM-2, CM-6, SI-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing mobile code
mobile code usage restrictions, mobile code implementation policy and procedures
list of acceptable mobile code and mobile code technologies
list of unacceptable mobile code and mobile technologies
authorization records
information system monitoring records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibilities for managing mobile code
Assessment: TEST
Organizational process for controlling, authorizing, monitoring, and restricting mobile code
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the management of mobile code
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the monitoring of mobile code
Control enhancements None
SC-19Voice Over Internet Protocol
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes usage restrictions and implementation guidance for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technologies based on the potential to cause damage to the information system if used maliciously; and |
| b. |
Authorizes, monitors, and controls the use of VoIP within the information system. |
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing VoIP
VoIP usage restrictions
VoIP implementation guidance
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system monitoring records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibilities for managing VoIP
Assessment: TEST
Organizational process for authorizing, monitoring, and controlling VoIP
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing authorizing, monitoring, and controlling VoIP
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
SC-20Secure Name / Address Resolution Service (authoritative Source)
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Provides additional data origin authentication and integrity verification artifacts along with the authoritative name resolution data the system returns in response to external name/address resolution queries; and |
| b. |
Provides the means to indicate the security status of child zones and (if the child supports secure resolution services) to enable verification of a chain of trust among parent and child domains, when operating as part of a distributed, hierarchical namespace. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control enables external clients including, for example, remote Internet clients, to obtain origin authentication and integrity verification assurances for the host/service name to network address resolution information obtained through the service. Information systems that provide name and address resolution services include, for example, domain name system (DNS) servers. Additional artifacts include, for example, DNS Security (DNSSEC) digital signatures and cryptographic keys. DNS resource records are examples of authoritative data. The means to indicate the security status of child zones includes, for example, the use of delegation signer resource records in the DNS. The DNS security controls reflect (and are referenced from) OMB Memorandum 08-23. Information systems that use technologies other than the DNS to map between host/service names and network addresses provide other means to assure the authenticity and integrity of response data. Related controls: AU-10, SC-8, SC-12, SC-13, SC-21, SC-22.
Objectives
|
Determine if the information system:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing secure name/address resolution service (authoritative source)
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibilities for managing DNS
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing secure name/address resolution service
Control enhancements None
SC-21Secure Name / Address Resolution Service (recursive or Caching Resolver)
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system requests and performs data origin authentication and data integrity verification on the name/address resolution responses the system receives from authoritative sources.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Each client of name resolution services either performs this validation on its own, or has authenticated channels to trusted validation providers. Information systems that provide name and address resolution services for local clients include, for example, recursive resolving or caching domain name system (DNS) servers. DNS client resolvers either perform validation of DNSSEC signatures, or clients use authenticated channels to recursive resolvers that perform such validations. Information systems that use technologies other than the DNS to map between host/service names and network addresses provide other means to enable clients to verify the authenticity and integrity of response data. Related controls: SC-20, SC-22.
Objectives
|
Determine if the information system:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing secure name/address resolution service (recursive or caching resolver)
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibilities for managing DNS
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing data origin authentication and data integrity verification for name/address resolution services
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
SC-22Architecture and Provisioning for Name / Address Resolution Service
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information systems that collectively provide name/address resolution service for an organization are fault-tolerant and implement internal/external role separation.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information systems that provide name and address resolution services include, for example, domain name system (DNS) servers. To eliminate single points of failure and to enhance redundancy, organizations employ at least two authoritative domain name system servers, one configured as the primary server and the other configured as the secondary server. Additionally, organizations typically deploy the servers in two geographically separated network subnetworks (i.e., not located in the same physical facility). For role separation, DNS servers with internal roles only process name and address resolution requests from within organizations (i.e., from internal clients). DNS servers with external roles only process name and address resolution information requests from clients external to organizations (i.e., on external networks including the Internet). Organizations specify clients that can access authoritative DNS servers in particular roles (e.g., by address ranges, explicit lists). Related controls: SC-2, SC-20, SC-21, SC-24.
Objectives
|
Determine if the information systems that collectively provide name/address resolution service for an organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing architecture and provisioning for name/address resolution service
access control policy and procedures
information system design documentation
assessment results from independent, testing organizations
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibilities for managing DNS
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing name/address resolution service for fault tolerance and role separation
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
SC-23Session Authenticity
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The information system protects the authenticity of communications sessions.
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses communications protection at the session, versus packet level (e.g., sessions in service-oriented architectures providing web-based services) and establishes grounds for confidence at both ends of communications sessions in ongoing identities of other parties and in the validity of information transmitted. Authenticity protection includes, for example, protecting against man-in-the-middle attacks/session hijacking and the insertion of false information into sessions. Related controls: SC-8, SC-10, SC-11.
Objective
|
Determine if the information system protects the authenticity of communications sessions. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing session authenticity
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing session authenticity
Control enhancements None
SC-24Fail in Known State
baselineHIGH
priorityP1
Control: The information system fails to a [Assignment: organization-defined known-state] for [Assignment: organization-defined types of failures] preserving [Assignment: organization-defined system state information] in failure.
Supplemental guidance
Failure in a known state addresses security concerns in accordance with the mission/business needs of organizations. Failure in a known secure state helps to prevent the loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information in the event of failures of organizational information systems or system components. Failure in a known safe state helps to prevent systems from failing to a state that may cause injury to individuals or destruction to property. Preserving information system state information facilitates system restart and return to the operational mode of organizations with less disruption of mission/business processes. Related controls: CP-2, CP-10, CP-12, SC-7, SC-22.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing information system failure to known state
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of failures requiring information system to fail in a known state
state information to be preserved in system failure
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing fail-in-known state capability
automated mechanisms preserving system state information in the event of a system failure
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-25Thin Nodes
Control: The organization employs [Assignment: organization-defined information system components] with minimal functionality and information storage.
Supplemental guidance
The deployment of information system components with reduced/minimal functionality (e.g., diskless nodes and thin client technologies) reduces the need to secure every user endpoint, and may reduce the exposure of information, information systems, and services to cyber attacks. Related control: SC-30.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing use of thin nodes
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing thin nodes
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-26Honeypots
Control: The information system includes components specifically designed to be the target of malicious attacks for the purpose of detecting, deflecting, and analyzing such attacks.
Supplemental guidance
A honeypot is set up as a decoy to attract adversaries and to deflect their attacks away from the operational systems supporting organizational missions/business function. Depending upon the specific usage of the honeypot, consultation with the Office of the General Counsel before deployment may be needed. Related controls: SC-30, SC-44, SI-3, SI-4.
Objective
|
Determine if the information system includes components specifically designed to be the target of malicious attacks for the purpose of detecting, deflecting, and analyzing such attacks. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing use of honeypots
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing honey pots
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-27Platform-independent Applications
Control: The information system includes: [Assignment: organization-defined platform-independent applications].
Supplemental guidance
Platforms are combinations of hardware and software used to run software applications. Platforms include: (i) operating systems; (ii) the underlying computer architectures, or (iii) both. Platform-independent applications are applications that run on multiple platforms. Such applications promote portability and reconstitution on different platforms, increasing the availability of critical functions within organizations while information systems with specific operating systems are under attack. Related control: SC-29.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing platform-independent applications
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of platform-independent applications
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing platform-independent applications
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-28Protection of Information at Rest
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The information system protects the of [Assignment: organization-defined information at rest].
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the confidentiality and integrity of information at rest and covers user information and system information. Information at rest refers to the state of information when it is located on storage devices as specific components of information systems. System-related information requiring protection includes, for example, configurations or rule sets for firewalls, gateways, intrusion detection/prevention systems, filtering routers, and authenticator content. Organizations may employ different mechanisms to achieve confidentiality and integrity protections, including the use of cryptographic mechanisms and file share scanning. Integrity protection can be achieved, for example, by implementing Write-Once-Read-Many (WORM) technologies. Organizations may also employ other security controls including, for example, secure off-line storage in lieu of online storage when adequate protection of information at rest cannot otherwise be achieved and/or continuous monitoring to identify malicious code at rest. Related controls: AC-3, AC-6, CA-7, CM-3, CM-5, CM-6, PE-3, SC-8, SC-13, SI-3, SI-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing protection of information at rest
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
cryptographic mechanisms and associated configuration documentation
list of information at rest requiring confidentiality and integrity protections
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing confidentiality and integrity protections for information at rest
Control enhancements None
SC-29Heterogeneity
Control: The organization employs a diverse set of information technologies for [Assignment: organization-defined information system components] in the implementation of the information system.
Supplemental guidance
Increasing the diversity of information technologies within organizational information systems reduces the impact of potential exploitations of specific technologies and also defends against common mode failures, including those failures induced by supply chain attacks. Diversity in information technologies also reduces the likelihood that the means adversaries use to compromise one information system component will be equally effective against other system components, thus further increasing the adversary work factor to successfully complete planned cyber attacks. An increase in diversity may add complexity and management overhead which could ultimately lead to mistakes and unauthorized configurations. Related controls: SA-12, SA-14, SC-27.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of technologies deployed in the information system
acquisition documentation
acquisition contracts for information system components or services
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with information system acquisition, development, and implementation responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing employment of a diverse set of information technologies
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-30Concealment and Misdirection
Control: The organization employs [Assignment: organization-defined concealment and misdirection techniques] for [Assignment: organization-defined information systems] at [Assignment: organization-defined time periods] to confuse and mislead adversaries.
Supplemental guidance
Concealment and misdirection techniques can significantly reduce the targeting capability of adversaries (i.e., window of opportunity and available attack surface) to initiate and complete cyber attacks. For example, virtualization techniques provide organizations with the ability to disguise information systems, potentially reducing the likelihood of successful attacks without the cost of having multiple platforms. Increased use of concealment/misdirection techniques including, for example, randomness, uncertainty, and virtualization, may sufficiently confuse and mislead adversaries and subsequently increase the risk of discovery and/or exposing tradecraft. Concealment/misdirection techniques may also provide organizations additional time to successfully perform core missions and business functions. Because of the time and effort required to support concealment/misdirection techniques, it is anticipated that such techniques would be used by organizations on a very limited basis. Related controls: SC-26, SC-29, SI-14.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing concealment and misdirection techniques for the information system
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system architecture
list of concealment and misdirection techniques to be employed for organizational information systems
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with responsibility for implementing concealment and misdirection techniques for information systems
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing concealment and misdirection techniques
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-31Covert Channel Analysis
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Performs a covert channel analysis to identify those aspects of communications within the information system that are potential avenues for covert channels; and |
| b. |
Estimates the maximum bandwidth of those channels. |
Supplemental guidance
Developers are in the best position to identify potential areas within systems that might lead to covert channels. Covert channel analysis is a meaningful activity when there is the potential for unauthorized information flows across security domains, for example, in the case of information systems containing export-controlled information and having connections to external networks (i.e., networks not controlled by organizations). Covert channel analysis is also meaningful for multilevel secure (MLS) information systems, multiple security level (MSL) systems, and cross-domain systems. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, PL-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing covert channel analysis
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
covert channel analysis documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel with covert channel analysis responsibilities
information system developers/integrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational process for conducting covert channel analysis
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing covert channel analysis
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the capability to estimate the bandwidth of covert channels
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-32Information System Partitioning
Control: The organization partitions the information system into [Assignment: organization-defined information system components] residing in separate physical domains or environments based on [Assignment: organization-defined circumstances for physical separation of components].
Supplemental guidance
Information system partitioning is a part of a defense-in-depth protection strategy. Organizations determine the degree of physical separation of system components from physically distinct components in separate racks in the same room, to components in separate rooms for the more critical components, to more significant geographical separation of the most critical components. Security categorization can guide the selection of appropriate candidates for domain partitioning. Managed interfaces restrict or prohibit network access and information flow among partitioned information system components. Related controls: AC-4, SA-8, SC-2, SC-3, SC-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing information system partitioning
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system architecture
list of information system physical domains (or environments)
information system facility diagrams
information system network diagrams
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
information system developers/integrators
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing physical separation of information system components
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
SC-34Non-modifiable Executable Programs
Control: The information system at [Assignment: organization-defined information system components]:
| a. |
Loads and executes the operating environment from hardware-enforced, read-only media; and |
| b. |
Loads and executes [Assignment: organization-defined applications] from hardware-enforced, read-only media. |
Supplemental guidance
The term operating environment is defined as the specific code that hosts applications, for example, operating systems, executives, or monitors including virtual machine monitors (i.e., hypervisors). It can also include certain applications running directly on hardware platforms. Hardware-enforced, read-only media include, for example, Compact Disk-Recordable (CD-R)/Digital Video Disk-Recordable (DVD-R) disk drives and one-time programmable read-only memory. The use of non-modifiable storage ensures the integrity of software from the point of creation of the read-only image. The use of reprogrammable read-only memory can be accepted as read-only media provided: (i) integrity can be adequately protected from the point of initial writing to the insertion of the memory into the information system; and (ii) there are reliable hardware protections against reprogramming the memory while installed in organizational information systems. Related controls: AC-3, SI-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing non-modifiable executable programs
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system architecture
list of operating system components to be loaded from hardware-enforced, read-only media
list of applications to be loaded from hardware-enforced, read-only media
media used to load and execute information system operating environment
media used to load and execute information system applications
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
information system developers/integrators
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing loading and executing the operating environment from hardware-enforced, read-only media
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing loading and executing applications from hardware-enforced, read-only media
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-35Honeyclients
Control: The information system includes components that proactively seek to identify malicious websites and/or web-based malicious code.
Supplemental guidance
Honeyclients differ from honeypots in that the components actively probe the Internet in search of malicious code (e.g., worms) contained on external websites. As with honeypots, honeyclients require some supporting isolation measures (e.g., virtualization) to ensure that any malicious code discovered during the search and subsequently executed does not infect organizational information systems. Related controls: SC-26, SC-44, SI-3, SI-4.
Objective
|
Determine if the information system includes components that proactively seek to identify malicious websites and/or web-based malicious code. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing honeyclients
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system components deployed to identify malicious websites and/or web-based malicious code
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
information system developers/integrators
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing honeyclients
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-36Distributed Processing and Storage
Control: The organization distributes [Assignment: organization-defined processing and storage] across multiple physical locations.
Supplemental guidance
Distributing processing and storage across multiple physical locations provides some degree of redundancy or overlap for organizations, and therefore increases the work factor of adversaries to adversely impact organizational operations, assets, and individuals. This control does not assume a single primary processing or storage location, and thus allows for parallel processing and storage. Related controls: CP-6, CP-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
contingency planning policy and procedures
contingency plan
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system architecture
list of information system physical locations (or environments) with distributed processing and storage
information system facility diagrams
processing site agreements
storage site agreements
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
organizational personnel with contingency planning and plan implementation responsibilities
information system developers/integrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for distributing processing and storage across multiple physical locations
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing capability for distributing processing and storage across multiple physical locations
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-37Out-of-band Channels
Control: The organization employs [Assignment: organization-defined out-of-band channels] for the physical delivery or electronic transmission of [Assignment: organization-defined information, information system components, or devices] to [Assignment: organization-defined individuals or information systems].
Supplemental guidance
Out-of-band channels include, for example, local (nonnetwork) accesses to information systems, network paths physically separate from network paths used for operational traffic, or nonelectronic paths such as the US Postal Service. This is in contrast with using the same channels (i.e., in-band channels) that carry routine operational traffic. Out-of-band channels do not have the same vulnerability/exposure as in-band channels, and hence the confidentiality, integrity, or availability compromises of in-band channels will not compromise the out-of-band channels. Organizations may employ out-of-band channels in the delivery or transmission of many organizational items including, for example, identifiers/authenticators, configuration management changes for hardware, firmware, or software, cryptographic key management information, security updates, system/data backups, maintenance information, and malicious code protection updates. Related controls: AC-2, CM-3, CM-5, CM-7, IA-4, IA-5, MA-4, SC-12, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing use of out-of-band channels
access control policy and procedures
identification and authentication policy and procedures
information system design documentation
information system architecture
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of out-of-band channels
types of information, information system components, or devices requiring use of out-of-band channels for physical delivery or electronic transmission to authorized individuals or information systems
physical delivery records
electronic transmission records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
organizational personnel authorizing, installing, configuring, operating, and/or using out-of-band channels
information system developers/integrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for use of out-of-band channels
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing use of out-of-band channels
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-38Operations Security
Control: The organization employs [Assignment: organization-defined operations security safeguards] to protect key organizational information throughout the system development life cycle.
Supplemental guidance
Operations security (OPSEC) is a systematic process by which potential adversaries can be denied information about the capabilities and intentions of organizations by identifying, controlling, and protecting generally unclassified information that specifically relates to the planning and execution of sensitive organizational activities. The OPSEC process involves five steps: (i) identification of critical information (e.g., the security categorization process); (ii) analysis of threats; (iii) analysis of vulnerabilities; (iv) assessment of risks; and (v) the application of appropriate countermeasures. OPSEC safeguards are applied to both organizational information systems and the environments in which those systems operate. OPSEC safeguards help to protect the confidentiality of key information including, for example, limiting the sharing of information with suppliers and potential suppliers of information system components, information technology products and services, and with other non-organizational elements and individuals. Information critical to mission/business success includes, for example, user identities, element uses, suppliers, supply chain processes, functional and security requirements, system design specifications, testing protocols, and security control implementation details. Related controls: RA-2, RA-5, SA-12.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing operations security
security plan
list of operations security safeguards
security control assessments
risk assessments
threat and vulnerability assessments
plans of action and milestones
system development life cycle documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
information system developers/integrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for protecting organizational information throughout the SDLC
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing safeguards to protect organizational information throughout the SDLC
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-39Process Isolation
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The information system maintains a separate execution domain for each executing process.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information systems can maintain separate execution domains for each executing process by assigning each process a separate address space. Each information system process has a distinct address space so that communication between processes is performed in a manner controlled through the security functions, and one process cannot modify the executing code of another process. Maintaining separate execution domains for executing processes can be achieved, for example, by implementing separate address spaces. This capability is available in most commercial operating systems that employ multi-state processor technologies. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, AC-6, SA-4, SA-5, SA-8, SC-2, SC-3.
Objective
|
Determine if the information system maintains a separate execution domain for each executing process. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information system design documentation
information system architecture
independent verification and validation documentation
testing and evaluation documentation, other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Information system developers/integrators
information system security architect
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing separate execution domains for each executing process
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-40Wireless Link Protection
Control: The information system protects external and internal [Assignment: organization-defined wireless links] from [Assignment: organization-defined types of signal parameter attacks or references to sources for such attacks].
Supplemental guidance
This control applies to internal and external wireless communication links that may be visible to individuals who are not authorized information system users. Adversaries can exploit the signal parameters of wireless links if such links are not adequately protected. There are many ways to exploit the signal parameters of wireless links to gain intelligence, deny service, or to spoof users of organizational information systems. This control reduces the impact of attacks that are unique to wireless systems. If organizations rely on commercial service providers for transmission services as commodity items rather than as fully dedicated services, it may not be possible to implement this control. Related controls: AC-18, SC-5.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
access control policy and procedures
procedures addressing wireless link protection
information system design documentation
wireless network diagrams
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system architecture
list or internal and external wireless links
list of signal parameter attacks or references to sources for attacks
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
organizational personnel authorizing, installing, configuring and/or maintaining internal and external wireless links
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing protection of wireless links
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-41Port and I/O Device Access
Control: The organization physically disables or removes [Assignment: organization-defined connection ports or input/output devices] on [Assignment: organization-defined information systems or information system components].
Supplemental guidance
Connection ports include, for example, Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Firewire (IEEE 1394). Input/output (I/O) devices include, for example, Compact Disk (CD) and Digital Video Disk (DVD) drives. Physically disabling or removing such connection ports and I/O devices helps prevent exfiltration of information from information systems and the introduction of malicious code into systems from those ports/devices.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
access control policy and procedures
procedures addressing port and input/output device access
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system architecture
information systems or information system components list of connection ports or input/output devices to be physically disabled or removed on information systems or information system components
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing disabling of connection ports or input/output devices
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-42Sensor Capability and Data
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Prohibits the remote activation of environmental sensing capabilities with the following exceptions: [Assignment: organization-defined exceptions where remote activation of sensors is allowed]; and |
| b. |
Provides an explicit indication of sensor use to [Assignment: organization-defined class of users]. |
Supplemental guidance
This control often applies to types of information systems or system components characterized as mobile devices, for example, smart phones, tablets, and E-readers. These systems often include sensors that can collect and record data regarding the environment where the system is in use. Sensors that are embedded within mobile devices include, for example, cameras, microphones, Global Positioning System (GPS) mechanisms, and accelerometers. While the sensors on mobiles devices provide an important function, if activated covertly, such devices can potentially provide a means for adversaries to learn valuable information about individuals and organizations. For example, remotely activating the GPS function on a mobile device could provide an adversary with the ability to track the specific movements of an individual.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing sensor capability and data collection
access control policy and procedures
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
organizational personnel with responsibility for sensor capability
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms implementing access controls for remote activation of information system sensor capabilities
automated mechanisms implementing capability to indicate sensor use
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-43Usage Restrictions
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Establishes usage restrictions and implementation guidance for [Assignment: organization-defined information system components] based on the potential to cause damage to the information system if used maliciously; and |
| b. |
Authorizes, monitors, and controls the use of such components within the information system. |
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing usage restrictions
usage restrictions
implementation policy and procedures
authorization records
information system monitoring records
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for authorizing, monitoring, and controlling use of components with usage restrictions
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing authorizing, monitoring, and controlling use of components with usage restrictions
Control enhancements None
References None
SC-44Detonation Chambers
Control: The organization employs a detonation chamber capability within [Assignment: organization-defined information system, system component, or location].
Supplemental guidance
Detonation chambers, also known as dynamic execution environments, allow organizations to open email attachments, execute untrusted or suspicious applications, and execute Universal Resource Locator (URL) requests in the safety of an isolated environment or virtualized sandbox. These protected and isolated execution environments provide a means of determining whether the associated attachments/applications contain malicious code. While related to the concept of deception nets, the control is not intended to maintain a long-term environment in which adversaries can operate and their actions can be observed. Rather, it is intended to quickly identify malicious code and reduce the likelihood that the code is propagated to user environments of operation (or prevent such propagation completely). Related controls: SC-7, SC-25, SC-26, SC-30.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and communications protection policy
procedures addressing detonation chambers
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing detonation chamber capability
Control enhancements None
References None
System and Information Integrity - 16 controls
SI-1System and Information Integrity Policy and Procedures
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops, documents, and disseminates to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]:
|
| b. |
Reviews and updates the current:
|
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the establishment of policy and procedures for the effective implementation of selected security controls and control enhancements in the SI family. Policy and procedures reflect applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidance. Security program policies and procedures at the organization level may make the need for system-specific policies and procedures unnecessary. The policy can be included as part of the general information security policy for organizations or conversely, can be represented by multiple policies reflecting the complex nature of certain organizations. The procedures can be established for the security program in general and for particular information systems, if needed. The organizational risk management strategy is a key factor in establishing policy and procedures. Related control: PM-9.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy and procedures
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with system and information integrity responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
SI-2Flaw Remediation
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Identifies, reports, and corrects information system flaws; |
| b. |
Tests software and firmware updates related to flaw remediation for effectiveness and potential side effects before installation; |
| c. |
Installs security-relevant software and firmware updates within [Assignment: organization-defined time period] of the release of the updates; and |
| d. |
Incorporates flaw remediation into the organizational configuration management process. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizations identify information systems affected by announced software flaws including potential vulnerabilities resulting from those flaws, and report this information to designated organizational personnel with information security responsibilities. Security-relevant software updates include, for example, patches, service packs, hot fixes, and anti-virus signatures. Organizations also address flaws discovered during security assessments, continuous monitoring, incident response activities, and system error handling. Organizations take advantage of available resources such as the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) or Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) databases in remediating flaws discovered in organizational information systems. By incorporating flaw remediation into ongoing configuration management processes, required/anticipated remediation actions can be tracked and verified. Flaw remediation actions that can be tracked and verified include, for example, determining whether organizations follow US-CERT guidance and Information Assurance Vulnerability Alerts. Organization-defined time periods for updating security-relevant software and firmware may vary based on a variety of factors including, for example, the security category of the information system or the criticality of the update (i.e., severity of the vulnerability related to the discovered flaw). Some types of flaw remediation may require more testing than other types. Organizations determine the degree and type of testing needed for the specific type of flaw remediation activity under consideration and also the types of changes that are to be configuration-managed. In some situations, organizations may determine that the testing of software and/or firmware updates is not necessary or practical, for example, when implementing simple anti-virus signature updates. Organizations may also consider in testing decisions, whether security-relevant software or firmware updates are obtained from authorized sources with appropriate digital signatures. Related controls: CA-2, CA-7, CM-3, CM-5, CM-8, MA-2, IR-4, RA-5, SA-10, SA-11, SI-11.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
procedures addressing flaw remediation
procedures addressing configuration management
list of flaws and vulnerabilities potentially affecting the information system
list of recent security flaw remediation actions performed on the information system (e.g., list of installed patches, service packs, hot fixes, and other software updates to correct information system flaws)
test results from the installation of software and firmware updates to correct information system flaws
installation/change control records for security-relevant software and firmware updates
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
organizational personnel with responsibility for flaw remediation
organizational personnel with configuration management responsibility
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for identifying, reporting, and correcting information system flaws
organizational process for installing software and firmware updates
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing reporting, and correcting information system flaws
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing testing software and firmware updates
Control enhancements None
SI-3Malicious Code Protection
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Employs malicious code protection mechanisms at information system entry and exit points to detect and eradicate malicious code; |
| b. |
Updates malicious code protection mechanisms whenever new releases are available in accordance with organizational configuration management policy and procedures; |
| c. |
Configures malicious code protection mechanisms to:
|
| d. |
Addresses the receipt of false positives during malicious code detection and eradication and the resulting potential impact on the availability of the information system. |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information system entry and exit points include, for example, firewalls, electronic mail servers, web servers, proxy servers, remote-access servers, workstations, notebook computers, and mobile devices. Malicious code includes, for example, viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and spyware. Malicious code can also be encoded in various formats (e.g., UUENCODE, Unicode), contained within compressed or hidden files, or hidden in files using steganography. Malicious code can be transported by different means including, for example, web accesses, electronic mail, electronic mail attachments, and portable storage devices. Malicious code insertions occur through the exploitation of information system vulnerabilities. Malicious code protection mechanisms include, for example, anti-virus signature definitions and reputation-based technologies. A variety of technologies and methods exist to limit or eliminate the effects of malicious code. Pervasive configuration management and comprehensive software integrity controls may be effective in preventing execution of unauthorized code. In addition to commercial off-the-shelf software, malicious code may also be present in custom-built software. This could include, for example, logic bombs, back doors, and other types of cyber attacks that could affect organizational missions/business functions. Traditional malicious code protection mechanisms cannot always detect such code. In these situations, organizations rely instead on other safeguards including, for example, secure coding practices, configuration management and control, trusted procurement processes, and monitoring practices to help ensure that software does not perform functions other than the functions intended. Organizations may determine that in response to the detection of malicious code, different actions may be warranted. For example, organizations can define actions in response to malicious code detection during periodic scans, actions in response to detection of malicious downloads, and/or actions in response to detection of maliciousness when attempting to open or execute files. Related controls: CM-3, MP-2, SA-4, SA-8, SA-12, SA-13, SC-7, SC-26, SC-44, SI-2, SI-4, SI-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
configuration management policy and procedures
procedures addressing malicious code protection
malicious code protection mechanisms
records of malicious code protection updates
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
scan results from malicious code protection mechanisms
record of actions initiated by malicious code protection mechanisms in response to malicious code detection
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
organizational personnel with responsibility for malicious code protection
organizational personnel with configuration management responsibility
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for employing, updating, and configuring malicious code protection mechanisms
organizational process for addressing false positives and resulting potential impact
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing employing, updating, and configuring malicious code protection mechanisms
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing malicious code scanning and subsequent actions
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
SI-4Information System Monitoring
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Monitors the information system to detect:
|
| b. |
Identifies unauthorized use of the information system through [Assignment: organization-defined techniques and methods]; |
| c. |
Deploys monitoring devices:
|
| d. |
Protects information obtained from intrusion-monitoring tools from unauthorized access, modification, and deletion; |
| e. |
Heightens the level of information system monitoring activity whenever there is an indication of increased risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, or the Nation based on law enforcement information, intelligence information, or other credible sources of information; |
| f. |
Obtains legal opinion with regard to information system monitoring activities in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, or regulations; and |
| g. |
Provides [Assignment: organization-defined information system monitoring information] to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] . |
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information system monitoring includes external and internal monitoring. External monitoring includes the observation of events occurring at the information system boundary (i.e., part of perimeter defense and boundary protection). Internal monitoring includes the observation of events occurring within the information system. Organizations can monitor information systems, for example, by observing audit activities in real time or by observing other system aspects such as access patterns, characteristics of access, and other actions. The monitoring objectives may guide determination of the events. Information system monitoring capability is achieved through a variety of tools and techniques (e.g., intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, malicious code protection software, scanning tools, audit record monitoring software, network monitoring software). Strategic locations for monitoring devices include, for example, selected perimeter locations and near server farms supporting critical applications, with such devices typically being employed at the managed interfaces associated with controls SC-7 and AC-17. Einstein network monitoring devices from the Department of Homeland Security can also be included as monitoring devices. The granularity of monitoring information collected is based on organizational monitoring objectives and the capability of information systems to support such objectives. Specific types of transactions of interest include, for example, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) traffic that bypasses HTTP proxies. Information system monitoring is an integral part of organizational continuous monitoring and incident response programs. Output from system monitoring serves as input to continuous monitoring and incident response programs. A network connection is any connection with a device that communicates through a network (e.g., local area network, Internet). A remote connection is any connection with a device communicating through an external network (e.g., the Internet). Local, network, and remote connections can be either wired or wireless. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, AC-8, AC-17, AU-2, AU-6, AU-7, AU-9, AU-12, CA-7, IR-4, PE-3, RA-5, SC-7, SC-26, SC-35, SI-3, SI-7.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Continuous monitoring strategy
system and information integrity policy
procedures addressing information system monitoring tools and techniques
facility diagram/layout
information system design documentation
information system monitoring tools and techniques documentation
locations within information system where monitoring devices are deployed
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
System/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
organizational personnel installing, configuring, and/or maintaining the information system
organizational personnel with responsibility monitoring the information system
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for information system monitoring
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing information system monitoring capability
Control enhancements None
SI-5Security Alerts, Advisories, and Directives
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Receives information system security alerts, advisories, and directives from [Assignment: organization-defined external organizations] on an ongoing basis; |
| b. |
Generates internal security alerts, advisories, and directives as deemed necessary; |
| c. |
Disseminates security alerts, advisories, and directives to: ; and |
| d. |
Implements security directives in accordance with established time frames, or notifies the issuing organization of the degree of noncompliance. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
The United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) generates security alerts and advisories to maintain situational awareness across the federal government. Security directives are issued by OMB or other designated organizations with the responsibility and authority to issue such directives. Compliance to security directives is essential due to the critical nature of many of these directives and the potential immediate adverse effects on organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation should the directives not be implemented in a timely manner. External organizations include, for example, external mission/business partners, supply chain partners, external service providers, and other peer/supporting organizations. Related control: SI-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
procedures addressing security alerts, advisories, and directives
records of security alerts and advisories
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security alert and advisory responsibilities
organizational personnel implementing, operating, maintaining, and using the information system
organizational personnel, organizational elements, and/or external organizations to whom alerts, advisories, and directives are to be disseminated
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for defining, receiving, generating, disseminating, and complying with security alerts, advisories, and directives
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing definition, receipt, generation, and dissemination of security alerts, advisories, and directives
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing security directives
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
SI-6Security Function Verification
baselineHIGH
priorityP1
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Verifies the correct operation of [Assignment: organization-defined security functions]; |
| b. |
Performs this verification ; |
| c. |
Notifies [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] of failed security verification tests; and |
| d. |
when anomalies are discovered. |
Supplemental guidance
Transitional states for information systems include, for example, system startup, restart, shutdown, and abort. Notifications provided by information systems include, for example, electronic alerts to system administrators, messages to local computer consoles, and/or hardware indications such as lights. Related controls: CA-7, CM-6.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
procedures addressing security function verification
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
alerts/notifications of failed security verification tests
list of system transition states requiring security functionality verification
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with security function verification responsibilities
organizational personnel implementing, operating, and maintaining the information system
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for security function verification
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing security function verification capability
Control enhancements None
References None
SI-7Software, Firmware, and Information Integrity
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The organization employs integrity verification tools to detect unauthorized changes to [Assignment: organization-defined software, firmware, and information].
Supplemental guidance
Unauthorized changes to software, firmware, and information can occur due to errors or malicious activity (e.g., tampering). Software includes, for example, operating systems (with key internal components such as kernels, drivers), middleware, and applications. Firmware includes, for example, the Basic Input Output System (BIOS). Information includes metadata such as security attributes associated with information. State-of-the-practice integrity-checking mechanisms (e.g., parity checks, cyclical redundancy checks, cryptographic hashes) and associated tools can automatically monitor the integrity of information systems and hosted applications. Related controls: SA-12, SC-8, SC-13, SI-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
procedures addressing software, firmware, and information integrity
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
integrity verification tools and associated documentation
records generated/triggered from integrity verification tools regarding unauthorized software, firmware, and information changes
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for software, firmware, and/or information integrity
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Software, firmware, and information integrity verification tools
Control enhancements None
SI-8Spam Protection
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Employs spam protection mechanisms at information system entry and exit points to detect and take action on unsolicited messages; and |
| b. |
Updates spam protection mechanisms when new releases are available in accordance with organizational configuration management policy and procedures. |
Supplemental guidance
Information system entry and exit points include, for example, firewalls, electronic mail servers, web servers, proxy servers, remote-access servers, workstations, mobile devices, and notebook/laptop computers. Spam can be transported by different means including, for example, electronic mail, electronic mail attachments, and web accesses. Spam protection mechanisms include, for example, signature definitions. Related controls: AT-2, AT-3, SC-5, SC-7, SI-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
configuration management policy and procedures (CM-1)
procedures addressing spam protection
spam protection mechanisms
records of spam protection updates
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for spam protection
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for implementing spam protection
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing spam protection
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
SI-10Information Input Validation
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The information system checks the validity of [Assignment: organization-defined information inputs].
Supplemental guidance
Checking the valid syntax and semantics of information system inputs (e.g., character set, length, numerical range, and acceptable values) verifies that inputs match specified definitions for format and content. Software applications typically follow well-defined protocols that use structured messages (i.e., commands or queries) to communicate between software modules or system components. Structured messages can contain raw or unstructured data interspersed with metadata or control information. If software applications use attacker-supplied inputs to construct structured messages without properly encoding such messages, then the attacker could insert malicious commands or special characters that can cause the data to be interpreted as control information or metadata. Consequently, the module or component that receives the tainted output will perform the wrong operations or otherwise interpret the data incorrectly. Prescreening inputs prior to passing to interpreters prevents the content from being unintentionally interpreted as commands. Input validation helps to ensure accurate and correct inputs and prevent attacks such as cross-site scripting and a variety of injection attacks.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
access control policy and procedures
separation of duties policy and procedures
procedures addressing information input validation
documentation for automated tools and applications to verify validity of information
list of information inputs requiring validity checks
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for information input validation
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing validity checks on information inputs
Control enhancements None
References None
SI-11Error Handling
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP2
Control: The information system:
| a. |
Generates error messages that provide information necessary for corrective actions without revealing information that could be exploited by adversaries; and |
| b. |
Reveals error messages only to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]. |
Supplemental guidance
Organizations carefully consider the structure/content of error messages. The extent to which information systems are able to identify and handle error conditions is guided by organizational policy and operational requirements. Information that could be exploited by adversaries includes, for example, erroneous logon attempts with passwords entered by mistake as the username, mission/business information that can be derived from (if not stated explicitly by) information recorded, and personal information such as account numbers, social security numbers, and credit card numbers. In addition, error messages may provide a covert channel for transmitting information. Related controls: AU-2, AU-3, SC-31.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
procedures addressing information system error handling
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
documentation providing structure/content of error messages
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for information input validation
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for error handling
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing error handling
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing management of error messages
Control enhancements None
References None
SI-12Information Handling and Retention
baselineLOW, MOD, HIGH
required_byFebruary 2017
priorityP2
Control: The organization handles and retains information within the information system and information output from the system in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and operational requirements.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information handling and retention requirements cover the full life cycle of information, in some cases extending beyond the disposal of information systems. The National Archives and Records Administration provides guidance on records retention. Related controls: AC-16, AU-5, AU-11, MP-2, MP-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization, in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and operational requirements:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and operational requirements applicable to information handling and retention
media protection policy and procedures
procedures addressing information system output handling and retention
information retention records, other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for information handling and retention
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities/network administrators
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for information handling and retention
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing information handling and retention
Control enhancements None
References None
SI-13Predictable Failure Prevention
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Determines mean time to failure (MTTF) for [Assignment: organization-defined information system components] in specific environments of operation; and |
| b. |
Provides substitute information system components and a means to exchange active and standby components at [Assignment: organization-defined MTTF substitution criteria]. |
Supplemental guidance
While MTTF is primarily a reliability issue, this control addresses potential failures of specific information system components that provide security capability. Failure rates reflect installation-specific consideration, not industry-average. Organizations define criteria for substitution of information system components based on MTTF value with consideration for resulting potential harm from component failures. Transfer of responsibilities between active and standby components does not compromise safety, operational readiness, or security capability (e.g., preservation of state variables). Standby components remain available at all times except for maintenance issues or recovery failures in progress. Related controls: CP-2, CP-10, MA-6.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
procedures addressing predictable failure prevention
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of MTTF substitution criteria
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for MTTF determinations and activities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
organizational personnel with contingency planning responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for managing MTTF
Control enhancements None
References None
SI-14Non-persistence
Control: The organization implements non-persistent [Assignment: organization-defined information system components and services] that are initiated in a known state and terminated .
Supplemental guidance
This control mitigates risk from advanced persistent threats (APTs) by significantly reducing the targeting capability of adversaries (i.e., window of opportunity and available attack surface) to initiate and complete cyber attacks. By implementing the concept of non-persistence for selected information system components, organizations can provide a known state computing resource for a specific period of time that does not give adversaries sufficient time on target to exploit vulnerabilities in organizational information systems and the environments in which those systems operate. Since the advanced persistent threat is a high-end threat with regard to capability, intent, and targeting, organizations assume that over an extended period of time, a percentage of cyber attacks will be successful. Non-persistent information system components and services are activated as required using protected information and terminated periodically or upon the end of sessions. Non-persistence increases the work factor of adversaries in attempting to compromise or breach organizational information systems. Non-persistent system components can be implemented, for example, by periodically re-imaging components or by using a variety of common virtualization techniques. Non-persistent services can be implemented using virtualization techniques as part of virtual machines or as new instances of processes on physical machines (either persistent or non-persistent).The benefit of periodic refreshes of information system components/services is that it does not require organizations to first determine whether compromises of components or services have occurred (something that may often be difficult for organizations to determine). The refresh of selected information system components and services occurs with sufficient frequency to prevent the spread or intended impact of attacks, but not with such frequency that it makes the information system unstable. In some instances, refreshes of critical components and services may be done periodically in order to hinder the ability of adversaries to exploit optimum windows of vulnerabilities. Related controls: SC-30, SC-34.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
procedures addressing non-persistence for information system components
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for non-persistence
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing initiation and termination of non-persistent components
Control enhancements None
References None
SI-15Information Output Filtering
Control: The information system validates information output from [Assignment: organization-defined software programs and/or applications] to ensure that the information is consistent with the expected content.
Supplemental guidance
Certain types of cyber attacks (e.g., SQL injections) produce output results that are unexpected or inconsistent with the output results that would normally be expected from software programs or applications. This control enhancement focuses on detecting extraneous content, preventing such extraneous content from being displayed, and alerting monitoring tools that anomalous behavior has been discovered. Related controls: SI-3, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
procedures addressing information output filtering
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for validating information output
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for validating information output
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing information output validation
Control enhancements None
References None
SI-16Memory Protection
baselineMOD, HIGH
priorityP1
Control: The information system implements [Assignment: organization-defined security safeguards] to protect its memory from unauthorized code execution.
Supplemental guidance
Some adversaries launch attacks with the intent of executing code in non-executable regions of memory or in memory locations that are prohibited. Security safeguards employed to protect memory include, for example, data execution prevention and address space layout randomization. Data execution prevention safeguards can either be hardware-enforced or software-enforced with hardware providing the greater strength of mechanism. Related controls: AC-25, SC-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
procedures addressing memory protection for the information system
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of security safeguards protecting information system memory from unauthorized code execution
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for memory protection
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing safeguards to protect information system memory from unauthorized code execution
Control enhancements None
References None
SI-17Fail-safe Procedures
Control: The information system implements [Assignment: organization-defined fail-safe procedures] when [Assignment: organization-defined failure conditions occur].
Supplemental guidance
Failure conditions include, for example, loss of communications among critical system components or between system components and operational facilities. Fail-safe procedures include, for example, alerting operator personnel and providing specific instructions on subsequent steps to take (e.g., do nothing, reestablish system settings, shut down processes, restart the system, or contact designated organizational personnel). Related controls: CP-12, CP-13, SC-24, SI-13.
Objectives
|
Determine if:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
System and information integrity policy
procedures addressing memory protection for the information system
information system design documentation
information system configuration settings and associated documentation
list of security safeguards protecting information system memory from unauthorized code execution
information system audit records
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for fail-safe procedures
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
system/network administrators
system developer
Assessment: TEST
Organizational fail-safe procedures
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing fail-safe procedures
Control enhancements None
References None
Program Management - 16 controls
PM-1Information Security Program Plan
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops and disseminates an organization-wide information security program plan that:
|
| b. |
Reviews the organization-wide information security program plan [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]; |
| c. |
Updates the plan to address organizational changes and problems identified during plan implementation or security control assessments; and |
| d. |
Protects the information security program plan from unauthorized disclosure and modification. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Information security program plans can be represented in single documents or compilations of documents at the discretion of organizations. The plans document the program management controls and organization-defined common controls. Information security program plans provide sufficient information about the program management controls/common controls (including specification of parameters for any assignment and selection statements either explicitly or by reference) to enable implementations that are unambiguously compliant with the intent of the plans and a determination of the risk to be incurred if the plans are implemented as intended. The security plans for individual information systems and the organization-wide information security program plan together, provide complete coverage for all security controls employed within the organization. Common controls are documented in an appendix to the organization’s information security program plan unless the controls are included in a separate security plan for an information system (e.g., security controls employed as part of an intrusion detection system providing organization-wide boundary protection inherited by one or more organizational information systems). The organization-wide information security program plan will indicate which separate security plans contain descriptions of common controls. Organizations have the flexibility to describe common controls in a single document or in multiple documents. In the case of multiple documents, the documents describing common controls are included as attachments to the information security program plan. If the information security program plan contains multiple documents, the organization specifies in each document the organizational official or officials responsible for the development, implementation, assessment, authorization, and monitoring of the respective common controls. For example, the organization may require that the Facilities Management Office develop, implement, assess, authorize, and continuously monitor common physical and environmental protection controls from the PE family when such controls are not associated with a particular information system but instead, support multiple information systems. Related control: PM-8.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
procedures addressing program plan development and implementation
procedures addressing program plan reviews and updates
procedures addressing coordination of the program plan with relevant entities
procedures for program plan approvals
records of program plan reviews and updates
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for information security program plan development/review/update/approval
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the information security program plan
Control enhancements None
References None
PM-2Senior Information Security Officer
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization appoints a senior information security officer with the mission and resources to coordinate, develop, implement, and maintain an organization-wide information security program.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
The security officer described in this control is an organizational official. For a federal agency (as defined in applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, or regulations) this official is the Senior Agency Information Security Officer. Organizations may also refer to this official as the Senior Information Security Officer or Chief Information Security Officer.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization appoints a senior information security officer with the mission and resources to:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
procedures addressing program plan development and implementation
procedures addressing program plan reviews and updates
procedures addressing coordination of the program plan with relevant entities
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
senior information security officer
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Control enhancements None
References None
PM-3Information Security Resources
required_byFebruary 2015
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Ensures that all capital planning and investment requests include the resources needed to implement the information security program and documents all exceptions to this requirement; |
| b. |
Employs a business case/Exhibit 300/Exhibit 53 to record the resources required; and |
| c. |
Ensures that information security resources are available for expenditure as planned. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Organizations consider establishing champions for information security efforts and as part of including the necessary resources, assign specialized expertise and resources as needed. Organizations may designate and empower an Investment Review Board (or similar group) to manage and provide oversight for the information security-related aspects of the capital planning and investment control process. Related controls: PM-4, SA-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
Exhibits 300
Exhibits 53
business cases for capital planning and investment
procedures for capital planning and investment
documentation of exceptions to capital planning requirements
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for capital planning and investment
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for capital planning and investment
organizational processes for business case/Exhibit 300/Exhibit 53 development
automated mechanisms supporting the capital planning and investment process
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
PM-4Plan of Action and Milestones Process
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Implements a process for ensuring that plans of action and milestones for the security program and associated organizational information systems:
|
| b. |
Reviews plans of action and milestones for consistency with the organizational risk management strategy and organization-wide priorities for risk response actions. |
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
The plan of action and milestones is a key document in the information security program and is subject to federal reporting requirements established by OMB. With the increasing emphasis on organization-wide risk management across all three tiers in the risk management hierarchy (i.e., organization, mission/business process, and information system), organizations view plans of action and milestones from an organizational perspective, prioritizing risk response actions and ensuring consistency with the goals and objectives of the organization. Plan of action and milestones updates are based on findings from security control assessments and continuous monitoring activities. OMB FISMA reporting guidance contains instructions regarding organizational plans of action and milestones. Related control: CA-5.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
plans of action and milestones
procedures addressing plans of action and milestones development and maintenance
procedures addressing plans of action and milestones reporting
procedures for review of plans of action and milestones for consistency with risk management strategy and risk response priorities
results of risk assessments associated with plans of action and milestones
OMB FISMA reporting requirements
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for developing, maintaining, reviewing, and reporting plans of action and milestones
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for plan of action and milestones development, review, maintenance, reporting
automated mechanisms supporting plans of action and milestones
Control enhancements None
PM-5Information System Inventory
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization develops and maintains an inventory of its information systems.
itemState Implementation
|
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control addresses the inventory requirements in FISMA. OMB provides guidance on developing information systems inventories and associated reporting requirements. For specific information system inventory reporting requirements, organizations consult OMB annual FISMA reporting guidance.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
information system inventory
procedures addressing information system inventory development and maintenance
OMB FISMA reporting guidance
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for developing and maintaining the information system inventory
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for information system inventory development and maintenance
automated mechanisms supporting the information system inventory
Control enhancements None
PM-6Information Security Measures of Performance
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization develops, monitors, and reports on the results of information security measures of performance.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Measures of performance are outcome-based metrics used by an organization to measure the effectiveness or efficiency of the information security program and the security controls employed in support of the program.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
information security measures of performance
procedures addressing development, monitoring, and reporting of information security measures of performance
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for developing, monitoring, and reporting information security measures of performance
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for developing, monitoring, and reporting information security measures of performance
automated mechanisms supporting the development, monitoring, and reporting of information security measures of performance
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
PM-7Enterprise Architecture
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization develops an enterprise architecture with consideration for information security and the resulting risk to organizational operations, organizational assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
The enterprise architecture developed by the organization is aligned with the Federal Enterprise Architecture. The integration of information security requirements and associated security controls into the organization’s enterprise architecture helps to ensure that security considerations are addressed by organizations early in the system development life cycle and are directly and explicitly related to the organization’s mission/business processes. This process of security requirements integration also embeds into the enterprise architecture, an integral information security architecture consistent with organizational risk management and information security strategies. For PM-7, the information security architecture is developed at a system-of-systems level (organization-wide), representing all of the organizational information systems. For PL-8, the information security architecture is developed at a level representing an individual information system but at the same time, is consistent with the information security architecture defined for the organization. Security requirements and security control integration are most effectively accomplished through the application of the Risk Management Framework and supporting security standards and guidelines. The Federal Segment Architecture Methodology provides guidance on integrating information security requirements and security controls into enterprise architectures. Related controls: PL-2, PL-8, PM-11, RA-2, SA-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization develops an enterprise architecture with consideration for:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
enterprise architecture documentation
procedures addressing enterprise architecture development
results of risk assessment of enterprise architecture
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for developing enterprise architecture
organizational personnel responsible for risk assessment of enterprise architecture
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for enterprise architecture development
automated mechanisms supporting the enterprise architecture and its development
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
PM-8Critical Infrastructure Plan
priorityP1
Control: The organization addresses information security issues in the development, documentation, and updating of a critical infrastructure and key resources protection plan.
Supplemental guidance
Protection strategies are based on the prioritization of critical assets and resources. The requirement and guidance for defining critical infrastructure and key resources and for preparing an associated critical infrastructure protection plan are found in applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. Related controls: PM-1, PM-9, PM-11, RA-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization addresses information security issues in the:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
critical infrastructure and key resources protection plan
procedures addressing development, documentation, and updating of the critical infrastructure and key resources protection plan
HSPD 7
National Infrastructure Protection Plan
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for developing, documenting, and updating the critical infrastructure and key resources protection plan
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for developing, documenting, and updating the critical infrastructure and key resources protection plan
automated mechanisms supporting the development, documentation, and updating of the critical infrastructure and key resources protection plan
Control enhancements None
PM-9Risk Management Strategy
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Develops a comprehensive strategy to manage risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation associated with the operation and use of information systems; |
| b. |
Implements the risk management strategy consistently across the organization; and |
| c. |
Reviews and updates the risk management strategy [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] or as required, to address organizational changes. |
Supplemental guidance
An organization-wide risk management strategy includes, for example, an unambiguous expression of the risk tolerance for the organization, acceptable risk assessment methodologies, risk mitigation strategies, a process for consistently evaluating risk across the organization with respect to the organization’s risk tolerance, and approaches for monitoring risk over time. The use of a risk executive function can facilitate consistent, organization-wide application of the risk management strategy. The organization-wide risk management strategy can be informed by risk-related inputs from other sources both internal and external to the organization to ensure the strategy is both broad-based and comprehensive. Related control: RA-3.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
risk management strategy
procedures addressing development, implementation, review, and update of the risk management strategy
risk assessment results relevant to the risk management strategy
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for development, implementation, review, and update of the risk management strategy
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for development, implementation, review, and update of the risk management strategy
automated mechanisms supporting the development, implementation, review, and update of the risk management strategy
Control enhancements None
PM-10Security Authorization Process
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Manages (i.e., documents, tracks, and reports) the security state of organizational information systems and the environments in which those systems operate through security authorization processes; |
| b. |
Designates individuals to fulfill specific roles and responsibilities within the organizational risk management process; and |
| c. |
Fully integrates the security authorization processes into an organization-wide risk management program. |
Supplemental guidance
Security authorization processes for information systems and environments of operation require the implementation of an organization-wide risk management process, a Risk Management Framework, and associated security standards and guidelines. Specific roles within the risk management process include an organizational risk executive (function) and designated authorizing officials for each organizational information system and common control provider. Security authorization processes are integrated with organizational continuous monitoring processes to facilitate ongoing understanding and acceptance of risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation. Related control: CA-6.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
procedures addressing management (i.e., documentation, tracking, and reporting) of the security authorization process
security authorization documents
lists or other documentation about security authorization process roles and responsibilities
risk assessment results relevant to the security authorization process and the organization-wide risk management program
organizational risk management strategy
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for management of the security authorization process
authorizing officials
system owners, senior information security officer
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for security authorization
automated mechanisms supporting the security authorization process
Control enhancements None
PM-11Mission/business Process Definition
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Defines mission/business processes with consideration for information security and the resulting risk to organizational operations, organizational assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation; and |
| b. |
Determines information protection needs arising from the defined mission/business processes and revises the processes as necessary, until achievable protection needs are obtained. |
Supplemental guidance
Information protection needs are technology-independent, required capabilities to counter threats to organizations, individuals, or the Nation through the compromise of information (i.e., loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability). Information protection needs are derived from the mission/business needs defined by the organization, the mission/business processes selected to meet the stated needs, and the organizational risk management strategy. Information protection needs determine the required security controls for the organization and the associated information systems supporting the mission/business processes. Inherent in defining an organization’s information protection needs is an understanding of the level of adverse impact that could result if a compromise of information occurs. The security categorization process is used to make such potential impact determinations. Mission/business process definitions and associated information protection requirements are documented by the organization in accordance with organizational policy and procedure. Related controls: PM-7, PM-8, RA-2.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
risk management strategy
procedures for determining mission/business protection needs
risk assessment results relevant to determination of mission/business protection needs
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for mission/business processes
organizational personnel responsible for determining information protection needs for mission/business processes
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for defining mission/business processes and their information protection needs
Control enhancements None
PM-12Insider Threat Program
priorityP1
Control: The organization implements an insider threat program that includes a cross-discipline insider threat incident handling team.
Supplemental guidance
Organizations handling classified information are required, under Executive Order 13587 and the National Policy on Insider Threat, to establish insider threat programs. The standards and guidelines that apply to insider threat programs in classified environments can also be employed effectively to improve the security of Controlled Unclassified Information in non-national security systems. Insider threat programs include security controls to detect and prevent malicious insider activity through the centralized integration and analysis of both technical and non-technical information to identify potential insider threat concerns. A senior organizational official is designated by the department/agency head as the responsible individual to implement and provide oversight for the program. In addition to the centralized integration and analysis capability, insider threat programs as a minimum, prepare department/agency insider threat policies and implementation plans, conduct host-based user monitoring of individual employee activities on government-owned classified computers, provide insider threat awareness training to employees, receive access to information from all offices within the department/agency (e.g., human resources, legal, physical security, personnel security, information technology, information system security, and law enforcement) for insider threat analysis, and conduct self-assessments of department/agency insider threat posture. Insider threat programs can leverage the existence of incident handling teams organizations may already have in place, such as computer security incident response teams. Human resources records are especially important in this effort, as there is compelling evidence to show that some types of insider crimes are often preceded by nontechnical behaviors in the workplace (e.g., ongoing patterns of disgruntled behavior and conflicts with coworkers and other colleagues). These precursors can better inform and guide organizational officials in more focused, targeted monitoring efforts. The participation of a legal team is important to ensure that all monitoring activities are performed in accordance with appropriate legislation, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and guidelines. Related controls: AC-6, AT-2, AU-6, AU-7, AU-10, AU-12, AU-13, CA-7, IA-4, IR-4, MP-7, PE-2, PS-3, PS-4, PS-5, PS-8, SC-7, SC-38, SI-4, PM-1, PM-14.
Objective
|
Determine if the organization implements an insider threat program that includes a cross-discipline insider threat incident handling team. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
insider threat program documentation
procedures for the insider threat program
risk assessment results relevant to insider threats
list or other documentation on the cross-discipline insider threat incident handling team
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for the insider threat program
members of the cross-discipline insider threat incident handling team
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for implementing the insider threat program and the cross-discipline insider threat incident handling team
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the insider threat program and the cross-discipline insider threat incident handling team
Control enhancements None
Reference 1
PM-13Information Security Workforce
priorityP1
Control: The organization establishes an information security workforce development and improvement program.
Supplemental guidance
Information security workforce development and improvement programs include, for example: (i) defining the knowledge and skill levels needed to perform information security duties and tasks; (ii) developing role-based training programs for individuals assigned information security roles and responsibilities; and (iii) providing standards for measuring and building individual qualifications for incumbents and applicants for information security-related positions. Such workforce programs can also include associated information security career paths to encourage: (i) information security professionals to advance in the field and fill positions with greater responsibility; and (ii) organizations to fill information security-related positions with qualified personnel. Information security workforce development and improvement programs are complementary to organizational security awareness and training programs. Information security workforce development and improvement programs focus on developing and institutionalizing core information security capabilities of selected personnel needed to protect organizational operations, assets, and individuals. Related controls: AT-2, AT-3.
Objective
|
Determine if the organization establishes an information security workforce development and improvement program. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
information security workforce development and improvement program documentation
procedures for the information security workforce development and improvement program
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for the information security workforce development and improvement program
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for implementing information security workforce development and improvement program
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the information security workforce development and improvement program
Control enhancements None
References None
PM-14Testing, Training, and Monitoring
priorityP1
Control: The organization:
| a. |
Implements a process for ensuring that organizational plans for conducting security testing, training, and monitoring activities associated with organizational information systems:
|
| b. |
Reviews testing, training, and monitoring plans for consistency with the organizational risk management strategy and organization-wide priorities for risk response actions. |
itemTAMUS Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
This control ensures that organizations provide oversight for the security testing, training, and monitoring activities conducted organization-wide and that those activities are coordinated. With the importance of continuous monitoring programs, the implementation of information security across the three tiers of the risk management hierarchy, and the widespread use of common controls, organizations coordinate and consolidate the testing and monitoring activities that are routinely conducted as part of ongoing organizational assessments supporting a variety of security controls. Security training activities, while typically focused on individual information systems and specific roles, also necessitate coordination across all organizational elements. Testing, training, and monitoring plans and activities are informed by current threat and vulnerability assessments. Related controls: AT-3, CA-7, CP-4, IR-3, SI-4.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
plans for conducting security testing, training, and monitoring activities
organizational procedures addressing development and maintenance of plans for conducting security testing, training, and monitoring activities
risk management strategy
procedures for review of plans for conducting security testing, training, and monitoring activities for consistency with risk management strategy and risk response priorities
results of risk assessments associated with conducting security testing, training, and monitoring activities
evidence that plans for conducting security testing, training, and monitoring activities are executed in a timely manner
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with responsibility for developing and maintaining plans for conducting security testing, training, and monitoring activities
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for development and maintenance of plans for conducting security testing, training, and monitoring activities
automated mechanisms supporting development and maintenance of plans for conducting security testing, training, and monitoring activities
Control enhancements None
PM-15Contacts with Security Groups and Associations
priorityP3
Control: The organization establishes and institutionalizes contact with selected groups and associations within the security community:
| a. |
To facilitate ongoing security education and training for organizational personnel; |
| b. |
To maintain currency with recommended security practices, techniques, and technologies; and |
| c. |
To share current security-related information including threats, vulnerabilities, and incidents. |
Supplemental guidance
Ongoing contact with security groups and associations is of paramount importance in an environment of rapidly changing technologies and threats. Security groups and associations include, for example, special interest groups, forums, professional associations, news groups, and/or peer groups of security professionals in similar organizations. Organizations select groups and associations based on organizational missions/business functions. Organizations share threat, vulnerability, and incident information consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. Related control: SI-5.
Objectives
|
Determine if the organization establishes and institutionalizes contact with selected groups and associations with the security community to:
|
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
risk management strategy
procedures for contacts with security groups and associations
evidence of established and institutionalized contact with security groups and associations
lists or other documentation about contact with and/or membership in security groups and associations
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for establishing and institutionalizing contact with security groups and associations
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
personnel from selected groups and associations with which the organization has established and institutionalized contact
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for establishing and institutionalizing contact with security groups and associations
automated mechanisms supporting contacts with security groups and associations
Control enhancements None
References None
PM-16Threat Awareness Program
required_byFebruary 2016
priorityP1
Control: The organization implements a threat awareness program that includes a cross-organization information-sharing capability.
itemState Implementation
|
Supplemental guidance
Because of the constantly changing and increasing sophistication of adversaries, especially the advanced persistent threat (APT), it is becoming more likely that adversaries may successfully breach or compromise organizational information systems. One of the best techniques to address this concern is for organizations to share threat information. This can include, for example, sharing threat events (i.e., tactics, techniques, and procedures) that organizations have experienced, mitigations that organizations have found are effective against certain types of threats, threat intelligence (i.e., indications and warnings about threats that are likely to occur). Threat information sharing may be bilateral (e.g., government-commercial cooperatives, government-government cooperatives), or multilateral (e.g., organizations taking part in threat-sharing consortia). Threat information may be highly sensitive requiring special agreements and protection, or less sensitive and freely shared. Related controls: PM-12, PM-16.
Objective
|
Determine if the organization implements a threat awareness program that includes a cross-organization information-sharing capability. |
Assessment: EXAMINE
Information security program plan
threat awareness program documentation
procedures for the threat awareness program
risk assessment results relevant to threat awareness
list or other documentation on the cross-organization information-sharing capability
other relevant documents or records
Assessment: INTERVIEW
Organizational personnel with information security program planning and plan implementation responsibilities
organizational personnel responsible for the threat awareness program
organizational personnel with responsibility for the cross-organization information-sharing capability
organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
personnel with whom threat awareness information is shared by the organization
Assessment: TEST
Organizational processes for implementing the threat awareness program
Organizational processes for implementing the cross-organization information-sharing capability
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the threat awareness program
automated mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the cross-organization information-sharing capability